生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能之間的正比關(guān)系已牢固確定,，但這種關(guān)系的具體情形卻會(huì)有所不同。將實(shí)驗(yàn)演化與生物多樣性-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)合起來的一項(xiàng)研究,，可幫助提供這方面的詳細(xì)情況,。研究人員生成了20個(gè)海洋細(xì)菌物種，以便讓它們適應(yīng)少量資源（專性物種）或很多資源（廣譜物種）,，并能夠?qū)τ蛇@些菌種構(gòu)建的群落的生物多樣性進(jìn)行操縱,。結(jié)果證明，專性物種的群體平均來說生產(chǎn)力更高,，因?yàn)樗鼈兡軌蚶铆h(huán)境的異質(zhì)性,，但專性物種對(duì)于“生物多樣性-生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能曲線”斜率的貢獻(xiàn)更大。這項(xiàng)工作為決定物種滅絕所產(chǎn)生的功能后果的進(jìn)化史首次提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù),，并且對(duì)于保護(hù)策略方面的工作也有參考價(jià)值,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Nature doi:10.1038/nature09592
Experimental niche evolution alters the strength of the diversity–productivity relationship
Dominique Gravel,Thomas Bell,Claire Barbera,Thierry Bouvier,Thomas Pommier,Patrick Venail& Nicolas Mouquet
The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) has become a cornerstone of community and ecosystem ecology1, 2, 3 and an essential criterion for making decisions in conservation biology and policy planning4, 5. It has recently been proposed that evolutionary history should influence the BEF relationship because it determines species traits and, thus, species’ ability to exploit resources6, 7. Here we test this hypothesis by combining experimental evolution with a BEF experiment. We isolated 20 bacterial strains from a marine environment and evolved each to be generalists or specialists8. We then tested the effect of evolutionary history on the strength of the BEF relationship with assemblages of 1 to 20 species constructed from the specialists, generalists and ancestors9. Assemblages of generalists were more productive on average because of their superior ability to exploit the environmental heterogeneity10. The slope of the BEF relationship was, however, stronger for the specialist assemblages because of enhanced niche complementarity. These results show how the BEF relationship depends critically on the legacy of past evolutionary events.
