全球溫帶地區(qū)的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)大多數(shù)正受到各種各樣的人為干擾的影響,，并逐漸產(chǎn)生了不同程度的森林退化,，甚至消失,。如何恢復(fù)它們以前的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能，保障森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的完整,，實(shí)現(xiàn)其可持續(xù)的利用與發(fā)展是當(dāng)前研究的一大熱點(diǎn),。就目前而言,，如何界定森林可持續(xù)發(fā)展的定義和尺度，準(zhǔn)確量化分析各種森林恢復(fù)措施對(duì)于森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的不同影響,，始終是研究學(xué)者和森林管理部門研究討論的焦點(diǎn),，尚未形成一致的結(jié)論和研究方法。
中科院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所張揚(yáng)建與合作者通過(guò)利用森林景觀干擾和演替模型模擬各種林地管理手段的結(jié)果,，利用歷史上記錄的人類大范圍干擾之前的森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)指標(biāo)狀態(tài)作為參照,，從地文分類學(xué)角度，通過(guò)比較兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),，六種具有相互替代性的森林管理手段對(duì)選取物種的種群構(gòu)成與年齡結(jié)構(gòu)的不同影響結(jié)果,，從中發(fā)現(xiàn)，有計(jì)劃的實(shí)施林木采伐,、嚴(yán)格控制森林用火,，能夠較好的減緩森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的退化。從而進(jìn)一步通過(guò)模擬預(yù)測(cè)提出,，今后若干年如果按照林木生產(chǎn)周期制定科學(xué)的森林采伐規(guī)劃,，加強(qiáng)森林保護(hù)措施的力度，就能夠逐步恢復(fù)森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能,，獲得較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和生態(tài)價(jià)值,。
該研究成果有助于推動(dòng)大尺度森林景觀干擾和演替模擬分析理論和手段的發(fā)展，相關(guān)分析方法和研究結(jié)果可為森林的可持續(xù)性經(jīng)營(yíng)和管理提供參考依據(jù),，也為如何應(yīng)對(duì)全球變化和城市擴(kuò)張影響下的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡維持提供了較好的理論根據(jù)和建議途徑,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Journal of Environmental Management 92 (2011) 1618-1627
Evaluating the effects of alternative forest management plans under various physiographic settings using historical records as a reference
Yangjian Zhang*, Hong S. He, Stephen R. Shifley , Jian Yang , Brian J. Palik
abstract
Using historical General Land Office record as a reference, this study employed a landscape-scale disturbance and succession model to estimate the future cumulative effects of six alternative management plans on the tree species composition for various physiographic settings for the Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri. The results indicate that over a 200-year horizon, the relative abundance of black oak and pine species groups will decrease and the relative abundance of the white oak species group will increase, regardless of management strategy. General Land Office witness tree records provide a measure of tree species composition in the period from 1800 to 1850, prior to the large-scale influx of European settlers. Compared to the tree species composition described in the General Land Office records, the six contemporary management alternatives considered all would lead to a lower abundance of pine species, a higher abundance of red/black oak species, and a slightly higher abundance of white oak species after 200 years.
Impacts of management on tree species composition varied with physiographic settings. The projected relative abundance of pine differed significantly across the five physiographic classes over the first 40 years of the simulation. In the medium term (simulation years 41e100) the projected relative pine abundance differed significantly among only four physiographic classes. In the long term (simulation years 100e200) the projected relative pine abundance differed for only one physiographic class. In contrast, differences among physiographic classes in the relative abundance of black oaks and white oaks increased over time. In general, the expected long-term differences in relative tree species abundance among six proposed alternative management plans are small compared to shifts in tree species composition that have occurred from 1850 to the present.
