加拿大科學(xué)家研究認(rèn)為,,某些工業(yè)產(chǎn)品中含有的銀納米粒子對(duì)一些生活在北極極地土壤中有益的細(xì)菌來(lái)說(shuō)毒性非常大??茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),,將一定數(shù)量的銀納米粒子加入取自北極極地的土壤中后,會(huì)造成土壤中的許多種類的細(xì)菌數(shù)量減少,,還會(huì)使一種有益的慢生菌全部消失??茖W(xué)家擔(dān)心納米粒子進(jìn)入自然環(huán)境可能破壞土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng),。相關(guān)文章發(fā)表在最新一期出版的《有害材料期刊》雜志上。
銀納米粒子作為抗微生物劑被大量用于防臭襪和T恤衫等日用消費(fèi)品中,。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),,目前市場(chǎng)上有1300多種產(chǎn)品含有納米粒子,這些產(chǎn)品包括不粘鍋,、織物柔軟劑,、長(zhǎng)毛絨玩具以及某些食物和飲料等。參與此項(xiàng)研究工作的加拿大女王大學(xué)生物學(xué)家維吉尼亞·沃克表示,,該研究成果有助于促請(qǐng)人們重新考慮如何更加安全使用納米粒子,。
沃克稱,全球每年生產(chǎn)出數(shù)百萬(wàn)噸納米粒子,,其中不少最終將進(jìn)入到環(huán)境中,,他們的研究工作就是想找出這些納米粒子到底對(duì)土壤中的細(xì)菌有何影響。
研究小組在加拿大極地地區(qū)收集了土壤樣品,,他們認(rèn)為極地地區(qū)無(wú)人居住,,因此土壤還未受到納米粒子的污染,。研究人員分析了這些土壤中的脂肪酸和DNA(脫氧核糖核酸),以確定土壤中含有哪些細(xì)菌,。然后,,研究人員將土壤與銀、銅,、硅等納米粒子分別混合,,使其含量達(dá)到土壤重量的0.066%。半年后,,他們對(duì)土壤樣品中的脂肪酸和DNA再次進(jìn)行了分析,,并將結(jié)果與未含納米粒子的土壤樣品進(jìn)行比較。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,銅和硅納米粒子對(duì)土壤的影響不大,;但是在摻入銀納米粒子的土壤中,一種稱為Bradyrhizobium canariense的慢生細(xì)菌完全消失了,,大多數(shù)其他細(xì)菌的數(shù)量也降低了,,細(xì)菌DNA的總數(shù)量下降了44%,只有一種叫Bacillales的細(xì)菌其數(shù)量有所增加,,而這種細(xì)菌的生存能力向來(lái)就非常強(qiáng),。
研究人員非常關(guān)注這種慢生細(xì)菌的消失,因?yàn)樗且环N固氮細(xì)菌,,對(duì)植物從土壤里吸收氮非常有用,。而在實(shí)驗(yàn)室試驗(yàn)中,他們?cè)俅未_認(rèn)了這種慢生細(xì)菌比其他細(xì)菌更易受到銀納米粒子的負(fù)面影響,。即便是面對(duì)低于土壤里10倍量的純納米粒子,,這種細(xì)菌都會(huì)立即死亡。
研究人員因此擔(dān)心,,銀納米粒子的影響可能破壞極地區(qū)域的生物地理化學(xué)循環(huán),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Journal of Hazardous Materials doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.005
Perturbation of an arctic soil microbial community by metal nanoparticles
Niraj Kumara, Vishal Shahb and Virginia K. Walker
Abstract
Technological advances allowing routine nanoparticle (NP) manufacture have enabled their use in electronic equipment, foods, clothing and medical devices. Although some NPs have antibacterial activity, little is known about their environmental impact and there is no information on the influence of NPs on soil in the possibly vulnerable ecosystems of polar regions. The potential toxicity of 0.066% silver, copper or silica NPs on a high latitude (> 78 °N) soil were determined using community level physiological profiles (CLPP), fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) assays and DNA analysis, including sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results of these different investigations were amalgamated in order to develop a community toxicity indicator, which revealed that of the three NPs examined, silver NPs could be classified as highly toxic to these arctic consortia. Subsequent culture-based studies confirmed that one of the community-identified plant-associating bacteria, Bradyrhizobium canariense, appeared to have a marked sensitivity to silver NPs. Thus, NP contamination of arctic soils particularly by silver NPs is a concern and procedures for mitigation and remediation of such pollution should be a priority for investigation.
Keywords: microbial diversity; nanoparticles; microcosms; DGGE; Microbial Community Toxicity Indicator; ecotoxicity