奧地利和荷蘭研究者日前在新一期美國學(xué)術(shù)刊物《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》（Environmental Science and Technology）上報告說,，他們發(fā)明了一種被動采樣污水處理法，這種方法采用碳納米管凈化污水,，效果好于傳統(tǒng)方法,。
參與研究的奧地利維也納大學(xué)的蒂洛·霍夫曼指出，碳納米管具有很強的電子,、機械和化學(xué)特性,，十分適合用于凈化污水，能有效降低水中污染物的濃度,。
如果是處理污水中的非水溶性污染物,，那么使用單孔直徑只有幾納米的過濾器就會顯得成本太高，但由于活性炭很難有效清除污水中的許多水溶性污染物,，這時采用碳納米管技術(shù)就能較好地達到目的,。它能夠過濾掉廢水中的抗生素或止痛藥成分，甚至能除去廢水中含量極低的污染物,。
為此,，維也納大學(xué)的研究者與荷蘭烏得勒支大學(xué)合作，發(fā)明了一種被動采樣法,，它能確定碳納米管吸附致癌的多環(huán)芳烴等多種污染物的水平,。
污水中含有多種化學(xué)污染物。在污水處理過程中,，不同的污染物在過濾器中“爭奪”吸附位置的現(xiàn)象十分常見,，而這種“競爭”會使得過濾器的功效因污染物的種類、數(shù)量不同而發(fā)生改變,。如果使用傳統(tǒng)方法對高度污染的水進行過濾,，當水中的多環(huán)芳烴種類還不到3種時，這種“競爭”就會變得尤其激烈,。而奧荷研究者的新試驗顯示,，在水中有13種多環(huán)芳烴的情況下，使用被動采樣法,，各種污染物之間也沒有什么“競爭”,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1021/es2007726
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Measuring and Modeling Adsorption of PAHs to Carbon Nanotubes Over a Six Order of Magnitude Wide Concentration Range
Melanie Kah, Xiaoran Zhang, Michiel T.O. Jonker, and Thilo Hofmann
Understanding the interactions between organic contaminants and carbon nanomaterials is essential for evaluating the materials’ potential environmental impact and their application as sorbent. Although a great deal of work has been published in the past years, data are still limited in terms of compounds, concentrations, and conditions investigated. We applied a passive sampling method employing polyoxymethylene (POM-SPE) to gain a better understanding of the interactions between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) over a 6 orders of magnitude wide concentration range. In the low-concentration range (pg-ng L–1), sorption of phenanthrene and pyrene was linear on a nonlogarithmic scale. Here, sorption could thus be described using a single sorption coefficient. Isotherm fits over the entire concentration range showed that (i) monolayer sorption models described the data very well, and (ii) the CNTs sorption capacity was directly related to their surface area. Sorption coefficients for 13 PAHs (11 of which have not been reported to date) were also measured at environmentally relevant low concentrations. No competition seemed to occur in the low-concentration range and sorption affinity was directly related to the solubility of the subcooled liquid of the compounds.
