近日,，Heredity發(fā)表了中國科學院昆明動物研究所張亞平院士研究組與瑞典皇家理工學院Peter Savolainen教授研究組的合作研究成果,，該研究首次基于父系遺傳證據(jù)證明了現(xiàn)代家犬的東亞南部起源，支持線粒體母系遺傳的研究結(jié)果,。
過去基于母系遺傳的分子標記線粒體DNA（mtDNA）的研究表明,，全世界的家犬都主要由亞洲長江以南的灰狼馴化而來。另一方面,，考古學和常染色體SNP的研究結(jié)果卻支持家犬起源于歐洲或西亞,。但是，由于常染色體SNP研究缺乏長江以南這一關鍵地區(qū)的數(shù)據(jù),，其結(jié)論難以令人信服,。因此，增加新的分子標記對世界范圍內(nèi)包括亞洲長江以南的家犬樣品進行研究,，對于驗證mtDNA系統(tǒng)地理學的研究是否真實反映了家犬的馴化歷史而不僅僅是隨機事件或自然選擇,，是非常必要的。
丁昭莉博士等研究人員對來自世界范圍的151只雄性家犬的26個Y染色體特異區(qū)段進行系統(tǒng)的DNA序列分析,。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),，世界范圍內(nèi)家犬共享約50%的基因庫；其中,，亞洲長江以南地區(qū)的家犬具有最高的遺傳多樣性,，并涵蓋了所有的主體單倍型，說明其它地區(qū)的基因庫都來源于該地區(qū),。另外,，這151只家犬來源于13-24個灰狼父系建群者，并沒證據(jù)顯示有馴化后的家犬與灰狼的雜交建群者存在,。因此,，新的父系遺傳的研究表明,，現(xiàn)代世界各地的家犬都主要起源于東亞南部地區(qū)的灰狼。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/hdy.2011.114
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PMID:
Origins of domestic dog in Southern East Asia is supported by analysis of Y-chromosome DNA Open
Z-L Ding, M Oskarsson, A Ardalan, H Angleby, L-G Dahlgren, C Tepeli, E Kirkness, P Savolainen and Y-P Zhang
Global mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data indicates that the dog originates from domestication of wolf in Asia South of Yangtze River (ASY), with minor genetic contributions from dog–wolf hybridisation elsewhere. Archaeological data and autosomal single nucleotide polymorphism data have instead suggested that dogs originate from Europe and/or South West Asia but, because these datasets lack data from ASY, evidence pointing to ASY may have been overlooked. Analyses of additional markers for global datasets, including ASY, are therefore necessary to test if mtDNA phylogeography reflects the actual dog history and not merely stochastic events or selection. Here, we analyse 14?437?bp of Y-chromosome DNA sequence in 151 dogs sampled worldwide. We found 28 haplotypes distributed in five haplogroups. Two haplogroups were universally shared and included three haplotypes carried by 46% of all dogs, but two other haplogroups were primarily restricted to East Asia. Highest genetic diversity and virtually complete phylogenetic coverage was found within ASY. The 151 dogs were estimated to originate from 13–24 wolf founders, but there was no indication of post-domestication dog–wolf hybridisations. Thus, Y-chromosome and mtDNA data give strikingly similar pictures of dog phylogeography, most importantly that roughly 50% of the gene pools are shared universally but only ASY has nearly the full range of genetic diversity, such that the gene pools in all other regions may derive from ASY. This corroborates that ASY was the principal, and possibly sole region of wolf domestication, that a large number of wolves were domesticated, and that subsequent dog–wolf hybridisation contributed modestly to the dog gene pool.
