發(fā)表在最新一期PLoS one的一項(xiàng)研究表明猩猩有比原先設(shè)想更復(fù)雜的決定過程,,它們會(huì)根據(jù)猜中的概率下賭注,當(dāng)賠率最大時(shí),猩猩也會(huì)冒險(xiǎn)賭一把,。
論文的作者是馬克斯普朗克心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)和進(jìn)化人類學(xué)研究所的Daniel Haun,,論文調(diào)查研究了四種猩猩的行為。猩猩有兩種香蕉片的選擇:小的香蕉片是放在固定的位子,,大的香蕉片是放在混放的杯子中的一個(gè),,所以有一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)猩猩的選擇受他們的不確定性以及命中率大小的影響,,這意味著他們有著復(fù)雜的決定過程,。當(dāng)猩猩不確定大的香蕉片放在哪里的時(shí)候,它們會(huì)選擇小的香蕉片,。它們猜中大的香蕉片可能性越低,,選擇小的香蕉片次數(shù)越多。
研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn)猩猩也會(huì)冒著一無(wú)所獲的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)去賭一把選擇大的香蕉片,。當(dāng)兩種香蕉片相差最大的時(shí)候,,猩猩冒險(xiǎn)賭一把的概率達(dá)到近100%。雖然四種類人猿都做復(fù)雜的決定,,但是相對(duì)于巴諾布猿,、大猩猩,黑猩猩和長(zhǎng)臂猿更傾向于冒險(xiǎn)賭一把,,這種差異的確切原因目前還不清楚,。
Haun說,我們的研究為證明猩猩的精神活動(dòng)比假設(shè)的更復(fù)雜提供了越來越多的證據(jù),。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028801
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Great Apes' Risk-Taking Strategies in a Decision Making Task
Daniel B. M. Haun, Christian Nawroth, Josep Call
We investigate decision-making behaviour in all four non-human great ape species. Apes chose between a safe and a risky option across trials of varying expected values. All species chose the safe option more often with decreasing probability of success. While all species were risk-seeking, orangutans and chimpanzees chose the risky option more often than gorillas and bonobos. Hence all four species' preferences were ordered in a manner consistent with normative dictates of expected value, but varied predictably in their willingness to take risks.