近日,,刊登在最新一期美國《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》(Environment Science & Technology )期刊的一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告發(fā)出的警示,來自洗滌人造纖維衣物后散落的用顯微鏡可見的微小塑料碎片正堆積在海洋環(huán)境里,,而且已進(jìn)入到動(dòng)物的食物鏈中,。
這項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告的合著者之一、美國加利福尼亞大學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)家麥克·布朗表示,,這些細(xì)小的塑料屑著實(shí)令人堪憂,。更早期的研究顯示,比1毫微米還要小的塑料屑被許多動(dòng)物吃進(jìn)肚里,,由此進(jìn)入這些動(dòng)物的食物鏈中,。其一旦被食用的后果是,通過這些動(dòng)物的胃進(jìn)入到其循環(huán)系統(tǒng),,之后堆積在細(xì)胞里,。他說:“以前我們做過的研究顯示,環(huán)境中所有的塑料屑中,,大約80%由更小的塑料碎片構(gòu)成,。由此,我們產(chǎn)生疑問——這些塑料細(xì)片到底源于哪里,?”為了確定這些出現(xiàn)在海岸線的微細(xì)塑料顆粒是如何廣泛傳播的,,這個(gè)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)分別從英國、印度和新加坡等全球18個(gè)海岸提取樣本,。
布朗博士表示,,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),全世界沒有一個(gè)樣品不含有微細(xì)塑料屑,。其中大部分的塑料屑是纖維性的,,并從中發(fā)現(xiàn)了聚酯纖維、丙烯酸纖維和聚酰胺(尼龍)等不同聚合物,。研究數(shù)據(jù)還顯示,,微小塑料屑最大的集結(jié)地靠近大城市中心,。
為了檢驗(yàn)這些被排放出的塑料物是否源自城市污物處理系統(tǒng),研究小組與澳大利亞新南威爾士當(dāng)?shù)卣M(jìn)行合作,,并證實(shí)兩者具有同樣比例的塑料屑含量,。
他們對(duì)從洗衣機(jī)洗滌衣物排放的水中的纖維質(zhì)進(jìn)行了研究,并驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn),,一些聚酯纖維衣物中,,每一件衣服在每次清洗時(shí)會(huì)釋放超過1900個(gè)纖維質(zhì),而將這些單次的清洗疊加起來其結(jié)果會(huì)更加可怕,。這表明,,我們?cè)谒幁h(huán)境中發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量纖維質(zhì)來自于洗滌衣物等污物處理。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1021/es201811s
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Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks
Mark Anthony Browne, Phillip Crump, Stewart J. Niven, Emma Teuten, Andrew Tonkin, Tamara Galloway, and Richard Thompson
Plastic debris <1 mm (defined here as microplastic) is accumulating in marine habitats. Ingestion of microplastic provides a potential pathway for the transfer of pollutants, monomers, and plastic-additives to organisms with uncertain consequences for their health. Here, we show that microplastic contaminates the shorelines at 18 sites worldwide representing six continents from the poles to the equator, with more material in densely populated areas, but no clear relationship between the abundance of miocroplastics and the mean size-distribution of natural particulates. An important source of microplastic appears to be through sewage contaminated by fibers from washing clothes. Forensic evaluation of microplastic from sediments showed that the proportions of polyester and acrylic fibers used in clothing resembled those found in habitats that receive sewage-discharges and sewage-effluent itself. Experiments sampling wastewater from domestic washing machines demonstrated that a single garment can produce >19...