近日,，中國(guó)科大極地環(huán)境研究室教授謝周清課題組發(fā)現(xiàn)，生物質(zhì)燃燒影響城市PM10的蛋白質(zhì)含量,，研究成果近日在線發(fā)表在英國(guó)《大氣環(huán)境》（Atmospheric Environment）期刊上,。
空氣中存在許多液態(tài)或固態(tài)微粒懸浮物，被稱為氣溶膠,，直徑在10微米以下的可吸入顆粒物叫PM10,。其中，生物氣溶膠是當(dāng)前全球變化和公共健康關(guān)注的研究熱點(diǎn)之一,，其濃度一般用大氣中總蛋白質(zhì)含量來(lái)表示,。由于汽車(chē)尾氣能改變一些生物氣溶膠的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，使其成為能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重過(guò)敏反應(yīng)的過(guò)敏原,，這被認(rèn)為是近年來(lái)城市中哮喘等過(guò)敏性疾病發(fā)病率升高的一種可能原因,。
謝周清課題組對(duì)2008年6月至2009年2月在合肥市采集的PM10進(jìn)行了總蛋白質(zhì)以及微量元素和水溶性離子成分的分析研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)城區(qū)PM10中總蛋白質(zhì)的含量范圍在每立方米2.08～36.71微克,，平均值為每立方米11.42微克,，明顯高于目前世界上3個(gè)地區(qū)公布的數(shù)據(jù)——美國(guó)北卡羅萊納州、洛杉磯和人口密度較大的墨西哥城的含量分別為每立方米0～0.2微克,、1.0～5.8微克,、0～2.54微克。
論文第一作者康輝博士介紹,，合肥城區(qū)大氣中蛋白質(zhì)含量呈明顯的季節(jié)變化：夏季最低,，每立方米2.08微克；從夏季到秋季含量逐漸增加,，11月達(dá)到峰值,，每立方米36.71微克。PM10中蛋白質(zhì)的濃度與采樣期間的降雨量呈相反的變化趨勢(shì),，且秋冬季多霧天蛋白質(zhì)的濃度和大氣污染指數(shù)都呈現(xiàn)高值,。
除氣象因素外，PM10中蛋白質(zhì)濃度的變化與空氣污染指數(shù)和平均可見(jiàn)度分別呈顯著的正相關(guān)和反相關(guān)關(guān)系,。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步對(duì)2008年9月到2009年1月期間出現(xiàn)高含量蛋白質(zhì)的原因進(jìn)行探討,，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，PM10總蛋白含量與代表生物質(zhì)燃燒影響的水溶性鉀離子以及代表人為污染影響的硝酸根顯著相關(guān),。9～11月是合肥地區(qū)的農(nóng)作物收獲季節(jié),，除動(dòng)植物和人為排放影響外，生物質(zhì)燃燒可能是PM10蛋白質(zhì)含量增大的重要原因,。
審稿人認(rèn)為“這是一項(xiàng)迫切需要的研究工作”,，并指出“這份數(shù)據(jù)獨(dú)一無(wú)二,，對(duì)評(píng)估城市大氣污染有重要價(jià)值，特別是為理解人體健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估作出了貢獻(xiàn)”,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.003
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Ambient protein concentration in PM10 in Hefei, central China
Hui Kang, Zhouqing Xie, , Qihou Hu
The total protein associated with bioaerosol particulate matter (PM) is generally measured as an all-inclusive indicator of airborne biological material, which may enhance the effects of allergens, allergic and asthmatic responses. To investigate the level and seasonal variations of biological loading, PM10 were collected in a metropolitan area of Hefei, central China from June 2008 to February 2009 and analyzed for total protein mass, trace elements, and water-soluble ions. The protein concentration in PM10 ranged from 2.08 to 36.71 μg m?3 with an average of 11.42 μg m?3. This was the highest value reported so far in the literature. The total protein was found to have a significant correlation with the air pollution index (API) and mean visibility (VV), indicating the potential influence of anthropogenic sources and/or crustal sources. The protein content displayed an obvious seasonal variation with respect to weather conditions. In the rainy season the level of protein was low, while in the dry season and foggy weather the level of protein was relatively high. A correlation analysis revealed that the relationship between total protein concentration and water-soluble ions K+ and in PM10 during the dry season is 0.92 and 0.66 (P < 0.05), respectively, suggesting that anthropogenic pollution and biomass burning are main contributors during this period.
