本期Nature Communications上發(fā)表的一篇研究論文報告說,,農(nóng)業(yè)在歐洲出現(xiàn)之后區(qū)域人口數(shù)量銳減,,盡管該地區(qū)的人口總的來說呈增長趨勢。這項工作表明,,人口數(shù)量的銳減并不像以前所提出的那樣是由于極端氣候條件,。
農(nóng)業(yè)是在距今約8500年前引入愛琴海地區(qū)的,然后不斷向歐洲各地擴散,,在距今7800年前左右到達法國,,在距今大約6000年前到達英國、愛爾蘭和北歐,。在所有情況下,,農(nóng)業(yè)的引入都意味著糧食生產(chǎn)和消費模式的一次巨大變化,這將導(dǎo)致人口數(shù)量劇增,。Stephen Shennan,、Sean Downey和本文其他作者發(fā)表了新石器時期歐洲各地人口數(shù)量的放射性碳數(shù)據(jù),,并準確測定了人口密度隨時間的變化情況。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),,在所研究的從法國南部到蘇格蘭和丹麥的全部12個歐洲不同地區(qū)中,,可以觀察到劇烈的人口波動。事實上他們注意到,,在一些情況下,,人口減少量達到農(nóng)耕之后最高水平的30-60%,相當于所估計的在時間上要晚得多的“黑死病”所造成的人口數(shù)量減少規(guī)模,,盡管“中世紀”時期的人口數(shù)量要比新石器時期大很多,。
作者發(fā)現(xiàn),那些波動無法與氣候因素相聯(lián)系,,不過這一人口數(shù)量下降的具體原因仍不清楚(生物谷Bioon.com),。
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Nature Communications DOI:10.1038/ncomms3486
Regional population collapse followed initial agriculture booms in mid-Holocene Europe
Stephen Shennan,Sean S. Downey,,Adrian Timpson,,Kevan Edinborough,Sue Colledge,,Tim Kerig,,Katie Manning & Mark G. Thomas
Following its initial arrival in SE Europe 8,500 years ago agriculture spread throughout the continent,, changing food production and consumption patterns and increasing population densities. Here we show that,, in contrast to the steady population growth usually assumed, the introduction of agriculture into Europe was followed by a boom-and-bust pattern in the density of regional populations. We demonstrate that summed calibrated radiocarbon date distributions and simulation can be used to test the significance of these demographic booms and busts in the context of uncertainty in the radiocarbon date calibration curve and archaeological sampling. We report these results for Central and Northwest Europe between 8,,000 and 4,,000?cal. BP and investigate the relationship between these patterns and climate. However,, we find no evidence to support a relationship. Our results thus suggest that the demographic patterns may have arisen from endogenous causes,, although this remains speculative.