來自海德堡德國癌癥研究中心(German Cancer Research Center,,DKFZ)分子胚胎學(xué)部,以及清華大學(xué)生物科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院的研究人員鎖定活性DNA去甲基化分子機(jī)理研究,,發(fā)現(xiàn)一種稱為生長停滯與DNA損傷誘導(dǎo)蛋白45a(growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha,,Gadd45a)的蛋白在活性DNA去甲基化(active DNA demethylation)過程中的關(guān)鍵作用,是表觀遺傳學(xué)DNA甲基化研究的一大突破,。這一研究成果公布在《自然》(Nature)雜志網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上,。
參予這一研究的中方人員是清華大學(xué)生物科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院的吳畏(Wei Wu,,音譯)博士,。
DNA甲基化是一種在植物和許多動(dòng)物不同組織中轉(zhuǎn)錄基因沉默的穩(wěn)定表觀遺傳標(biāo)記,它是由DNA甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(DNA methyl-transferase, Dnmt)催化S-腺苷甲硫氨酸作為甲基供體,,將胞嘧啶轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)?-甲基胞嘧啶(mC)的一種反應(yīng),,在真核生物DNA中,5-甲基胞嘧啶是唯一存在的化學(xué)性修飾堿基,。DNA甲基化在維持正常細(xì)胞功能,、遺傳印記、胚胎發(fā)育以及人類腫瘤發(fā)生中起著重要作用,,是目前新的研究熱點(diǎn)之一,。
目前雖然DNA甲基化轉(zhuǎn)甲基酶機(jī)制研究的比較清楚,但是DNA去甲基化的功能和機(jī)制仍然屬于生物學(xué)倍受爭議的研究領(lǐng)域,。之前來自加州大學(xué)的華人科學(xué)家朱健康教授等人發(fā)現(xiàn)ROS1是一種對于擬南芥DNA去甲基化重要的5-methylcytosine DNA 糖基酶,,是植物去甲基化研究的重要成果,。
在這篇文章中,Guillermo Barreto等人發(fā)現(xiàn)Gadd45a(一種功能為維持基因組穩(wěn)定性,,DNA修復(fù)以及細(xì)胞生長抑制作用的細(xì)胞核內(nèi)蛋白)在活性DNA去甲基化過程中扮演著關(guān)鍵的角色,。研究人員證明Gadd45a的過量表達(dá)會(huì)激活甲基化沉默報(bào)告質(zhì)粒(methylation-silenced reporter plasmid),并且促使全部的DNA去甲基化,。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Gadd45a的敲除會(huì)導(dǎo)致基因表達(dá)沉默,,和DNA的高度甲基化。
在非洲爪蟾卵母細(xì)胞oct4活性去甲基化研究中,,研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)Gadd45a會(huì)被特異性的集中在去甲基化位點(diǎn),,同時(shí)DNA修復(fù)會(huì)導(dǎo)致去甲基化活躍,而Gadd45a會(huì)與DNA修復(fù)核酸內(nèi)切酶XPG相互作用,,并且后者也是前者作用的必需條件,。
這些研究成果都說明Gadd45a在DNA去甲基化方面起到了重要作用,而這種作用是通過促進(jìn)DNA修復(fù),,去除甲基化標(biāo)記,,從而減少表觀遺傳基因的沉默。
英文原文:
Gadd45a promotes epigenetic gene activation by repair-mediated DNA demethylation
Guillermo Barreto1,3, Andrea Schäfer1,3, Joachim Marhold2, Dirk Stach2, Suresh K. Swaminathan1, Vikas Handa1, Gabi Döderlein1, Nicole Maltry1, Wei Wu1,4, Frank Lyko2 and Christof Niehrs1
Division of Molecular Embryology,
Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Present address: Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
Correspondence to: Christof Niehrs1 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.N. (Email: [email protected]).
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that is essential for gene silencing and genome stability in many organisms. Although methyltransferases that promote DNA methylation are well characterized, the molecular mechanism underlying active DNA demethylation is poorly understood and controversial1, 2. Here we show that Gadd45a (growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 alpha), a nuclear protein involved in maintenance of genomic stability, DNA repair and suppression of cell growth3, 4, has a key role in active DNA demethylation. Gadd45a overexpression activates methylation-silenced reporter plasmids and promotes global DNA demethylation. Gadd45a knockdown silences gene expression and leads to DNA hypermethylation. During active demethylation of oct4 in Xenopus laevis oocytes5, Gadd45a is specifically recruited to the site of demethylation. Active demethylation occurs by DNA repair and Gadd45a interacts with and requires the DNA repair endonuclease XPG. We conclude that Gadd45a relieves epigenetic gene silencing by promoting DNA repair, which erases methylation marks.
更多原文鏈接:http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/nature05515.html