生物谷綜合:最近,科學(xué)家首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了確鑿的證據(jù),,證明內(nèi)涵體信號系統(tǒng)不僅僅存在于動(dòng)物細(xì)胞內(nèi),植物同樣具有類似的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表于近期的《基因與發(fā)育》(Genes and Development)上,。
內(nèi)涵體(endosome)是細(xì)胞內(nèi)的一個(gè)泡狀細(xì)胞器,它的釋放與細(xì)胞的內(nèi)吞作用(endocytosis)緊密相關(guān),??茖W(xué)家長期以來認(rèn)為,內(nèi)吞作用是由單純的信號失活和受體減量調(diào)節(jié)(down regulation)機(jī)制引起的,,直到20世紀(jì)90年代,,研究人員才在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中證實(shí),一些配體結(jié)合受體(ligand-bound receptors)需要內(nèi)化進(jìn)入內(nèi)涵體,,才能進(jìn)行信號表達(dá),。
近些年來,,通過對去除細(xì)胞壁的原生質(zhì)(protoplast)進(jìn)行研究,科學(xué)家意識(shí)到,,植物體內(nèi)很可能也存在著內(nèi)涵體信號系統(tǒng)(endosome-mediated signaling),。不過,受原生質(zhì)本身的限制,,研究人員無法激活或滅活相關(guān)受體,,也無法證實(shí)這一結(jié)論。
在最新的研究中,,美國薩克生物研究所(The Salk Institute in La Jolla)的Niko Geldner和同事在論文高級作者Joanne Chory的指導(dǎo)下,,研究了一種促進(jìn)擬南芥根部細(xì)胞分裂的類固醇受體——激酶BRI1。他們跟蹤研究了該受體在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中不同位置的分布和被激活情況,,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),,這些受體不僅會(huì)出現(xiàn)在質(zhì)膜(plasma membrane)中,而且同樣會(huì)存在于內(nèi)涵體中,,不論激活與否,。此外,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,當(dāng)增加內(nèi)涵體中的受體時(shí),,相關(guān)的路徑會(huì)被打開,基因響應(yīng)也有所增強(qiáng),,這表明內(nèi)涵體中的受體被激活,,并出現(xiàn)某種信號機(jī)制。
科學(xué)家一般認(rèn)為,,植物和動(dòng)物從10億多年前開始分道揚(yáng)鑣,,并逐漸進(jìn)化出截然不同的受體庫。不過,,事實(shí)可能并非如此,。德國海德堡大學(xué)(University of Heidelberg)的David Robinson表示,“該論文最出色的地方就在于,,它表明植物和動(dòng)物的受體內(nèi)化機(jī)制具有一定的相似性,。”
Geldner也說,,“這一事實(shí)意味著,,要么內(nèi)涵體信號系統(tǒng)的出現(xiàn)比我們認(rèn)為的要早得多,要么是植物獨(dú)立進(jìn)化出了與動(dòng)物類似的方式,,而我傾向于后者,。”(生物谷援引科學(xué)網(wǎng))
原始出處:
Published online before print June 19, 2007
Genes and Development, DOI: 10.1101/gad.1561307
Endosomal signaling of plant steroid receptor kinase BRI1
Niko Geldner1, Derek L. Hyman1,2, Xuelu Wang1,2, Karin Schumacher3, and Joanne Chory1,2,4
1 Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; 2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; 3 Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
The LRR receptor serine/threonine kinases are a major eukaryotic receptor family, for which the central regulatory mechanism of endosomal trafficking remains largely unadressed. We show that the steroid receptor BRI1 localizes to both plasma membrane and early endosomal compartments, even when observed at low, endogenous expression levels, and that its localization and turnover are independent of ligand. However, increasing endosomal localization of BRI1 enhances activation of the pathway and genomic responses. Our data indicate distinct signaling and trafficking mechanisms within this receptor class and show that the use of endosomes as signaling compartments is an unexpectedly broad phenomenon in eukaryotes.
[Keywords: Brassinosteroid; endosomes; plant receptor kinase; Arabidopsis; receptor trafficking]
Received April 12, 2007; revised version accepted May 16, 2007.