生物谷援引中新網(wǎng)：英國(guó)的一個(gè)研究小組1月8日說(shuō),，適量飲酒,、運(yùn)動(dòng)、戒煙和每天吃五份果菜的人士,，會(huì)比沒(méi)有這么做的人平均多活14年,。該小組表示，已有大量證據(jù)顯示,，這些因素有助于讓人活得更健康與長(zhǎng)壽,，但小組的新研究卻量化了這些因素的綜合影響。
小組在《公共科學(xué)圖書(shū)館·醫(yī)學(xué)》(PLoS Medicine)發(fā)表的報(bào)告中說(shuō)：“這些結(jié)果進(jìn)一步證實(shí),，即使稍微改變生活方式也可對(duì)人們健康有很大差別的看法,，這將鼓勵(lì)人們改變行為。”
從1993年到1997年間,，小組調(diào)查英國(guó)2萬(wàn)名健康男女的生活方式,，也化驗(yàn)每名參與者的血液，以測(cè)量維生素C的攝取量,。血液中的維生素C含量,，是人們吃果菜多寡的一個(gè)指標(biāo)。小組接著給45歲到79歲的參與者評(píng)分,，分?jǐn)?shù)從零到4,，每個(gè)健康習(xí)慣可得一分。
在考慮了年齡和可能造成死亡的其他因素后,，小組確定得分零的參與者的死亡率,，等于其他參與者的四倍，而且更易因心血管疾病致死,。
這個(gè)連續(xù)追蹤參與者狀況到2006年的小組又說(shuō),，得分零者病死的幾率，與年齡大14歲的得分4者相同,。 研究表明,，戒煙是獲益最大的一個(gè)做法，健康將會(huì)改善80%,。其次是多吃果菜,。許開(kāi)迪(譯音)及其在劍橋大學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)研究理事會(huì)的同僚表示，適量飲酒和保持活躍的生活方式,，也會(huì)帶來(lái)相同的效益,。
生物谷推薦英文原文：
Combined Impact of Health Behaviours and Mortality in Men and Women: The EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study
Kay-Tee Khaw1*, Nicholas Wareham2, Sheila Bingham3, Ailsa Welch1, Robert Luben1, Nicholas Day1
1 Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2 Medical Research Council, Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 3 Medical Research Council, Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Background
There is overwhelming evidence that behavioural factors influence health, but their combined impact on the general population is less well documented. We aimed to quantify the potential combined impact of four health behaviours on mortality in men and women living in the general community.
Methods and Findings
We examined the prospective relationship between lifestyle and mortality in a prospective population study of 20,244 men and women aged 45–79 y with no known cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline survey in 1993–1997, living in the general community in the United Kingdom, and followed up to 2006. Participants scored one point for each health behaviour: current non-smoking, not physically inactive, moderate alcohol intake (1–14 units a week) and plasma vitamin C >50 mmol/l indicating fruit and vegetable intake of at least five servings a day, for a total score ranging from zero to four. After an average 11 y follow-up, the age-, sex-, body mass–, and social class–adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality(1,987 deaths) for men and women who had three, two, one, and zero compared to four health behaviours were respectively, 1.39 (1.21–1.60), 1.95 (1.70–-2.25), 2.52 (2.13–3.00), and 4.04 (2.95–5.54) p < 0.001 trend. The relationships were consistent in subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, and social class, and after excluding deaths within 2 y. The trends were strongest for cardiovascular causes. The mortality risk for those with four compared to zero health behaviours was equivalent to being 14 y younger in chronological age.
Conclusions
Four health behaviours combined predict a 4-fold difference in total mortality in men and women, with an estimated impact equivalent to 14 y in chronological age.
全文鏈接：http://medicine.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050012
