生物谷報(bào)道：1月21日，美國研究人員在一項(xiàng)的新的研究結(jié)果中宣布,，每天喝超過兩杯咖啡的孕婦,，和不攝入咖啡因的孕婦相比，其流產(chǎn)率要高上一倍,。該報(bào)告發(fā)表在2008年1月在線版的《美國產(chǎn)科學(xué)與婦科醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》上,。
該研究有力的證據(jù)顯示，無論是來自咖啡,、茶,、蘇打水，還是熱巧克力的咖啡因,，每日過量攝入都導(dǎo)致流產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大大增加,。過量攝入是指一天超過200毫克，即兩杯咖啡的咖啡因含量,。
Kaiser Permanente研究部的李德坤(De-Kun Li)博士說,，這一結(jié)果證實(shí)了咖啡因和流產(chǎn)的相關(guān)性。孕婦或是希望懷孕的婦女,，應(yīng)該在三個(gè)月里停止飲用咖啡,，最好是孕期都不要喝,。
“這方面一直存在不確定。”李德坤在接受電話采訪時(shí)說：“業(yè)界對此沒有明確建議,，即孕婦應(yīng)該攝入多少咖啡因,。”
李德坤表示,，約15項(xiàng)到18項(xiàng)研究都證實(shí)了咖啡因和流產(chǎn)的相關(guān)性,。但該組織表示，許多孕婦因咖啡因會導(dǎo)致惡心而放棄飲用,，這可能會讓結(jié)果有偏差,。李德坤和同事們研究時(shí)努力避免出現(xiàn)這種偏差。從1996年10月到1998年10月,，他們的研究包括Kaiser Permanente健康項(xiàng)目下的1063名孕婦,。她們在懷孕期間沒有改變自己的咖啡因攝入。
他們發(fā)現(xiàn),，那些日飲用超過兩杯咖啡,，或五罐12盎司、含咖啡因蘇打水的婦女,，比不攝入咖啡因的流產(chǎn)率高出一倍,。這種危險(xiǎn)似乎和咖啡因有關(guān)，而不是咖啡里的其他化學(xué)物質(zhì),，因?yàn)楫?dāng)其他食品,，如蘇達(dá)水，茶和熱巧克力中含咖啡因時(shí),，結(jié)果仍然類似,。
李德坤稱，一些研究者認(rèn)為咖啡因有害,，因?yàn)樗鼤浩忍翰怀墒斓男玛惔x系統(tǒng),，也會減慢胎盤里的血循環(huán)，從而對胎兒造成損傷,。”
“在我看來,，不飲用才是最安全的。”李德坤說：“如果你真想喝咖啡,，試著控制到一杯,，最多一天兩杯。”他也建議換成其他低咖啡因飲品,。
以這一結(jié)果為依據(jù),，位于北加州的Kaiser Permanente女性健康機(jī)構(gòu)主任特雷西・弗拉納根(Tracy Flanagan)博士表示，孕婦應(yīng)該將咖啡控制在一天一杯,，她們也應(yīng)考慮完全戒飲,。
“很多流產(chǎn)的原因都不可控,，”她在電話采訪里說：“但這一點(diǎn)是能采取積極措施控制的。”
生物谷推薦英文原文：
American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology
The effect of caffeine consumption and nausea on the risk of miscarriage.
Giannelli M, Doyle P, Roman E, Pelerin M, Hermon C
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2003; 17:316-23.
Abstract
Evidence for a harmful effect of caffeine intake on risk of miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) is inconsistent and nausea during pregnancy has been claimed to explain any association seen. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether caffeine consumption both before and during pregnancy influenced the risk of miscarriage in a group of pregnant women in the UK. We examined the association with maternal caffeine intake in a case-control study of 474 nulliparous women. Participants were recruited during the years 1987-89 from the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading and from a large group practice situated within the hospital's catchment area. Cases were 160 women with a clinically diagnosed miscarriage and controls were 314 pregnant women attending for antenatal care. Information on coffee/tea/cola consumption and potential confounders was collected by interview and caffeine content was assigned to individual drinks according to published data on caffeine content of beverages. Compared with a maternal caffeine intake of < 151 mg/day, we found evidence that caffeine consumption > 300 mg/day doubled the risk of miscarriage. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.94 [95% CI 1.04, 3.63] for 301-500 mg/day and 2.18 [95% CI 1.08, 4.40] for > 500 mg/day. This effect could not be explained by nausea in pregnancy. Nausea appeared to be strongly independently associated with a reduced risk of miscarriage (test for trend P < 0.0001). There was no evidence that prepregnancy caffeine consumption affected the risk. Our results indicate that high caffeine consumption during pregnancy (>300 mg/day), in particular coffee consumption, is an independent risk factor for increased risk and nausea is an independent protective factor for a lower risk of miscarriage.
MeSH
Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Beverages; Caffeine; Case-Control Studies; Coffee; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Nausea; Preconception Care; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
