亞洲季風(fēng)季節(jié)的洪澇災(zāi)害會對水稻作物造成廣泛破壞。一些品種的水稻已通過形成使莖稈迅速加長的能力而適應(yīng)了這種環(huán)境壓力,。正常情況下,，這種類型的水稻可長到約一米高,，但當(dāng)發(fā)生洪澇時，其莖稈會發(fā)生迅速的,、急劇的中間節(jié)增長,，能長到幾米高，其高度由水位決定,。
Hattori等人識別出了觸發(fā)深水水稻中間節(jié)增長的基因,，它們分別是SNORKEL 1 和 SNORKEL 2。這兩個基因編碼調(diào)控氣態(tài)植物激素乙烯信號作用的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,。將這些基因?qū)敫弋a(chǎn)栽培品種中,，有可能幫助易發(fā)生洪澇地區(qū)水稻增產(chǎn)。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Nature 460, 1026-1030 (20 August 2009) | doi:10.1038/nature08258
The ethylene response factors SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 allow rice to adapt to deep water
Yoko Hattori1, Keisuke Nagai1, Shizuka Furukawa1, Xian-Jun Song1, Ritsuko Kawano3, Hitoshi Sakakibara4, Jianzhong Wu5, Takashi Matsumoto5, Atsushi Yoshimura3, Hidemi Kitano1, Makoto Matsuoka1, Hitoshi Mori2 & Motoyuki Ashikari1
1 Bioscience and Biotechnology Center,
2 Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
3 School of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
4 Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
5 National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba 305-8602, Japan
Living organisms must acquire new biological functions to adapt to changing and hostile environments. Deepwater rice has evolved and adapted to flooding by acquiring the ability to significantly elongate its internodes, which have hollow structures and function as snorkels to allow gas exchange with the atmosphere, and thus prevent drowning1, 2, 3. Many physiological studies have shown that the phytohormones ethylene, gibberellin and abscisic acid are involved in this response4, 5, 6, 7, 8, but the gene(s) responsible for this trait has not been identified. Here we show the molecular mechanism of deepwater response through the identification of the genes SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2, which trigger deepwater response by encoding ethylene response factors involved in ethylene signalling. Under deepwater conditions, ethylene accumulates in the plant and induces expression of these two genes. The products of SNORKEL1 and SNORKEL2 then trigger remarkable internode elongation via gibberellin. We also demonstrate that the introduction of three quantitative trait loci from deepwater rice into non-deepwater rice enabled the latter to become deepwater rice. This discovery will contribute to rice breeding in lowland areas that are frequently flooded during the rainy season.
