鹽脅迫給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來嚴(yán)重危害,,因此研究植物的抗鹽機(jī)制能夠?yàn)閺幕蛩缴细脑燹r(nóng)作物,,提高農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量提供很好的理論依據(jù)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,泛素/26S蛋白酶體系統(tǒng)(ubiquitin/26S proteasome system, UPS)在植物的抗逆過程中起重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,,很多重要的脅迫響應(yīng)因子被證明是E3泛素連接酶。而近期的研究逐漸把植物對逆境脅迫反應(yīng)與ER質(zhì)量檢測系統(tǒng)(Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control, ERQC)聯(lián)系起來,。在ERQC中包含一種特殊的UPS機(jī)制,,稱為ER相關(guān)的蛋白降解機(jī)制(ER Associated protein Degradation, ERAD)。ERAD特異性地降解ER中錯(cuò)誤折疊的蛋白,。在酵母和哺乳動(dòng)物細(xì)胞中,,對于ERAD機(jī)制的研究已經(jīng)比較透徹并且發(fā)現(xiàn)該機(jī)制參與生物體的抗病及抗脅迫過程。但植物中ERAD的關(guān)鍵性組分蛋白迄今未見報(bào)道,,阻礙了ERAD參與植物環(huán)境脅迫響應(yīng)的研究進(jìn)展,。
通過細(xì)胞生物學(xué)和分子生物學(xué)的方法,中科院遺傳與發(fā)育生物學(xué)研究所謝旗研究組發(fā)現(xiàn),ERAD對植物抗鹽脅迫非常重要,。鹽處理時(shí)植物細(xì)胞中總泛素化的蛋白增加,,特別是錯(cuò)誤折疊的蛋白。這些錯(cuò)誤折疊蛋白快速地在ER中積累并誘導(dǎo)非正確折疊蛋白反應(yīng)(unfolded protein response, UPR),。該研究組利用ERAD組分蛋白的保守性,,通過同源序列比對的方法得到了擬南芥中可能參與植物ERAD機(jī)制的基因,并對HRD3A這一基因的功能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析,。功能研究證明,,HRD3A對植物ERAD而言是不可或缺的。HRD3A的缺乏使UPR發(fā)生改變,、增加了植物對鹽脅迫的敏感性并且使ERAD的底物蛋白在細(xì)胞中積累,。該研究進(jìn)一步證明,Ca2+從ER中的釋放參與了誘導(dǎo)UPR的過程,,且活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)參與了ERAD介導(dǎo)的植物抗鹽途徑,。
這項(xiàng)研究找到了一個(gè)參與植物ERAD的重要組分,深化了對植物ERAD功能和植物耐鹽新機(jī)制的理解,,為從基因?qū)哟紊细牧嫁r(nóng)作物提供了新的思路,。此研究在線發(fā)表于Cell Research雜志上。謝旗實(shí)驗(yàn)室博士生劉利靜為該論文的第一作者,。文章獲得多個(gè)生命科學(xué)網(wǎng)站的推薦和導(dǎo)讀,。
該研究得到了國家自然科學(xué)基金委和973項(xiàng)目的資助。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Cell Research DOI:10.1038/cr.2010.181
The endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation is necessary for plant salt tolerance
Lijing Liu,Feng Cui,Qingliang Li,Bojiao Yin,Huawei Zhang,Baoying Lin,Yaorong Wu,Ran Xia,Sanyuan Tang and Qi Xie
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms have quality-control mechanisms that allow misfolded or unassembled proteins to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequently degraded by ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The ERAD pathway is well studied in yeast and mammals; however, the biological functions of plant ERAD have not been reported. Through molecular and cellular biological approaches, we found that ERAD is necessary for plants to overcome salt stress. Upon salt treatment ubiquitinated proteins increased in plant cells, especially unfolded proteins that quickly accumulated in the ER and subsequently induced ER stress responses. Defect in HRD3A of the HRD1/HRD3 complex of the ERAD pathway resulted in alteration of the unfolded protein response (UPR), increased plant sensitivity to salt, and retention of ERAD substrates in plant cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Ca2+ release from the ER is involved in the elevation of UPR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) participates the ERAD-related plant salt response pathway.