唐氏綜合征(Downs Syndrome)又稱蒙古癥,,由于此癥首先為英國醫(yī)生Dr.J.L.Down評(píng)述,,因而得名,。唐氏綜合征由先天染色體異常引起,患病小孩有特別的外觀癥狀如兩眼間距過大,,且智力水平低于正常兒童,,但目前尚無提高患者智力的藥物。
研究人員在2月號(hào)的《自然—神經(jīng)科學(xué)》期刊上報(bào)告:阻斷唐氏癥小鼠的神經(jīng)傳遞素抑制劑的功能,,可以明顯提高其記憶能力,。
唐氏綜合征是最常見的人類精神發(fā)育遲緩癥,緣于人類第23號(hào)染色體的三倍繁殖,。通常情況下,,唐氏綜合征患者有陳述性記憶能力的缺失,陳述性記憶是指對(duì)事實(shí)和事件的記憶能力,。對(duì)唐氏綜合征模式小鼠來說,,它們?cè)谙喈?dāng)于人類第21號(hào)染色體的第16號(hào)上出現(xiàn)了三倍繁殖,這種小鼠表現(xiàn)出類似于人類疾病的癥狀,,比如在陳述性記憶能力方面的缺陷,。唐氏綜合征小鼠的大腦中也表現(xiàn)出過度的抑制性行為,這種行為由神經(jīng)傳遞素GABA所控制,。
通過小心減少這類小鼠的抑制功能,,Craig Garner和同事緩解了小鼠的陳述性記憶能力缺失。他們?cè)趦芍艿臅r(shí)間里分別用兩種抑制GABA受體的藥物治療唐氏綜合征小鼠,,發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩種藥物均能提高小鼠的陳述性記憶能力,,而且在藥物治療停止后,這種提高的能力持續(xù)了兩個(gè)月,。研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)這種增強(qiáng)能力有長(zhǎng)期正?;内厔?shì),這有助于大腦中神經(jīng)突觸力量的變化,,而神經(jīng)突觸與學(xué)習(xí)和記憶能力有關(guān),。
盡管新發(fā)現(xiàn)還需要臨床試驗(yàn)加以證實(shí),但研究人員認(rèn)為,,GABA也許是提高唐氏綜合征患者認(rèn)知能力的一個(gè)靶標(biāo),。
部分英文原文:
Published online: 25 February 2007; | doi:10.1038/nn1860
Pharmacotherapy for cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Down syndrome
Fabian Fernandez, Wade Morishita, Elizabeth Zuniga, James Nguyen, Martina Blank, Robert C Malenka & Craig C Garner
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304-5485, USA.
Correspondence should be addressed to Craig C Garner [email protected]
Ts65Dn mice, a model for Down syndrome, have excessive inhibition in the dentate gyrus, a condition that could compromise synaptic plasticity and mnemonic processing. We show that chronic systemic treatment of these mice with GABAA antagonists at non-epileptic doses causes a persistent post-drug recovery of cognition and long-term potentiation. These results suggest that over-inhibition contributes to intellectual disabilities associated with Down syndrome and that GABAA antagonists may be useful therapeutic agents for this disorder.