近年來(lái)由于分子生物學(xué)的研究十分的發(fā)達(dá),使得生物物種發(fā)育的研究突飛猛進(jìn),但科學(xué)家對(duì)于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng) (central nervous system) 的發(fā)育過(guò)程,,知道的仍然十分有限,,像是過(guò)去種種的跡象證實(shí),,脊椎動(dòng)物(Vertebrates) 昆蟲(chóng)(insects)以及像寄生蟲(chóng) (worms)一類(lèi)的生物,,很可能在遠(yuǎn)古的時(shí)代,是源自同一種祖先,,但這幾種生物,,歷經(jīng)千萬(wàn)年的演化,為何會(huì)發(fā)展出截然不同的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),,科學(xué)家始終找不到可靠的證據(jù),。最近由歐洲分子生物實(shí)驗(yàn)室 (European Molecular Biology Laboratory 簡(jiǎn)稱EMBL),發(fā)表在細(xì)胞 (Cell)期刊的一篇論文,,提出了新的看法,,認(rèn)為現(xiàn)階段屬于高等動(dòng)物的脊椎動(dòng)物,其中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育,,雖不同于昆蟲(chóng)與其它類(lèi)似的生物,,并且很可能在更早期,,就已經(jīng)發(fā)展出更進(jìn)化的中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),但仍然可以找出基因變化的蛛絲馬跡,,而現(xiàn)階段高等動(dòng)物發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢(shì),才使的今日的脊椎動(dòng)物具有主宰世界的能力,。
為了了解中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育過(guò)程,, EMBL的科學(xué)家 Detlev Arendt,就以俗稱活化石的海生環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)物 -巖蟲(chóng)(Platynereis dumerilii) 胚胎下手,,希望能找出中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的秘密,。結(jié)果研究人員深入的分析巖蟲(chóng)的中樞神經(jīng)組織,確實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些由特定基因活動(dòng)所產(chǎn)生的組織區(qū)塊,,和現(xiàn)今高等脊椎動(dòng)物非常的相似,,研究人員根據(jù)演化的研究經(jīng)驗(yàn),認(rèn)為這種非常類(lèi)似的基因活動(dòng),,不可能在同一時(shí)期的不同物種內(nèi)出現(xiàn),,除非這差異相當(dāng)大的物種,是源自于同一祖先,,因此這一個(gè)證據(jù),,解釋了中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育上的迷團(tuán),也就是說(shuō)外型差距極大的脊椎動(dòng)物和環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)物,,就中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)演化的證據(jù)來(lái)說(shuō),,應(yīng)該源自于同一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)古的祖先。
主導(dǎo)研究計(jì)劃的 Arendt博士表示,,這一個(gè)研究結(jié)果,,是一個(gè)物種同源的最好例子,而下一步,,應(yīng)該就是挖掘基因的變化,,為何可以發(fā)展出差異如此大的變化。
(編譯/許仁旗) (資料來(lái)源 : Bio.com)
英文原文鏈接:
原始出處:
Cell, Vol 129, 277-288, 20 April 2007〕
Article
Molecular Architecture of Annelid Nerve Cord Supports Common Origin of Nervous System Centralization in Bilateria
Alexandru S. Denes,1,6 Gáspár Jékely,1,6 Patrick R.H. Steinmetz,1,4 Florian Raible,1 Heidi Snyman,1 Benjamin Prud'homme,2,5 David E.K. Ferrier,3 Guillaume Balavoine,2 and Detlev Arendt1,
1 Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, 69117, Germany
2 Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
3 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
Corresponding author
Detlev Arendt
[email protected]
Summary
To elucidate the evolutionary origin of nervous system centralization, we investigated the molecular architecture of the trunk nervous system in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Annelids belong to Bilateria, an evolutionary lineage of bilateral animals that also includes vertebrates and insects. Comparing nervous system development in annelids to that of other bilaterians could provide valuable information about the common ancestor of all Bilateria. We find that the Platynereis neuroectoderm is subdivided into longitudinal progenitor domains by partially overlapping expression regions of nk and pax genes. These domains match corresponding domains in the vertebrate neural tube and give rise to conserved neural cell types. As in vertebrates, neural patterning genes are sensitive to Bmp signaling. Our data indicate that this mediolateral architecture was present in the last common bilaterian ancestor and thus support a common origin of nervous system centralization in Bilateria.