生物谷:美國科學(xué)家近日發(fā)現(xiàn),,人類大腦可以抑制創(chuàng)傷記憶的重現(xiàn),。這將有助于治療創(chuàng)傷后精神緊張癥及強(qiáng)迫癥等患者,。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在7月13日的《科學(xué)》雜志上,。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)該項研究的是美國科羅拉多大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)家Brendan Depue,。他的小組首先向?qū)嶒炛驹刚哒故緝深悎D片,,一類是人臉圖像,,另一類是能夠喚起情感反應(yīng)的圖像,比如車禍,、傷員等,。等到志愿者已經(jīng)在兩類圖像之間建立聯(lián)系之后,就向他們單獨展示人臉圖像,,并讓他們聯(lián)想相關(guān)的另一類圖片或者努力不去聯(lián)想,。
研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)志愿者故意努力地不去聯(lián)想相關(guān)圖片時,,他們的腦活動就會減少,。Depue認(rèn)為,這表明志愿者并沒有用聯(lián)想其他一些事情以阻止聯(lián)想相關(guān)圖片,,而是大腦某些區(qū)域的活動被關(guān)閉了,。
腦成像實驗表明,大腦負(fù)責(zé)計劃和決策的區(qū)域——前額皮質(zhì)(prefrontal cortex)“導(dǎo)演”了這次關(guān)閉,。它先是降低了大腦加工視覺信息區(qū)域的活性,,然后又抑制了杏仁核等產(chǎn)生情感區(qū)域的活動,。隨后的測驗發(fā)現(xiàn),志愿者對先前建立起來的兩類圖像之間的聯(lián)系已經(jīng)不大能記起來了,。
美國俄勒岡大學(xué)研究記憶抑制的神經(jīng)學(xué)家Mike Anderson說:“這一研究為我們增強(qiáng)了信心,,說明我們正在關(guān)注的是正確的系統(tǒng)。往后人們可以通過訓(xùn)練關(guān)閉大腦重放機(jī)制來忘卻創(chuàng)傷記憶,。”
Depue認(rèn)為,,此次研究雖然并未能終結(jié)關(guān)于弗洛伊德100多年前提出的無意識記憶抑制(unconsciously repressed memories)的爭論,但卻有助于我們弄清其中的機(jī)制,。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) )
原始出處:
Science 13 July 2007:
Vol. 317. no. 5835, pp. 215 - 219
DOI: 10.1126/science.1139560
Prefrontal Regions Orchestrate Suppression of Emotional Memories via a Two-Phase Process
Brendan E. Depue,1,2* Tim Curran,1,2,3 Marie T. Banich1,2,3,4
Whether memories can be suppressed has been a controversial issue in psychology and cognitive neuroscience for decades. We found evidence that emotional memories are suppressed via two time-differentiated neural mechanisms: (i) an initial suppression by the right inferior frontal gyrus over regions supporting sensory components of the memory representation (visual cortex, thalamus), followed by (ii) right medial frontal gyrus control over regions supporting multimodal and emotional components of the memory representation (hippocampus, amygdala), both of which are influenced by fronto-polar regions. These results indicate that memory suppression does occur and, at least in nonpsychiatric populations, is under the control of prefrontal regions.
1 Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
2 Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
3 Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
4 Department of Psychiatry, University of Denver Health Sciences, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]