生物谷報道：中科院生物物理研究所腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗室最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：人類大腦左半球?qū)Υ蠓秶負(fù)湫再|(zhì)的知覺占優(yōu)勢,，右半球?qū)植繋缀涡再|(zhì)的知覺占優(yōu)勢。該發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表于2007年12月26日的《美國科學(xué)院院刊》,，并被該刊《本期導(dǎo)讀》專欄介紹,。
中科院生物物理所陳霖院士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的認(rèn)知科學(xué)和腦成像團(tuán)隊,，創(chuàng)立了“大范圍首先”的拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)知覺理論，向半個世紀(jì)以來占統(tǒng)治地位的“局部首先”的理論提出挑戰(zhàn),，強(qiáng)調(diào)知覺過程是由大范圍拓?fù)洳蛔冃再|(zhì)開始的,，為左右大腦差別的研究提供了一條嶄新的思路。
該所王波等青年學(xué)者把“大范圍首先”的拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)知覺理論應(yīng)用到大腦半球不對稱性的研究,。他們經(jīng)過6年多的大量實(shí)驗把各種拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)（如洞的個數(shù),、內(nèi)外關(guān)系等）和其他幾何性質(zhì)（如朝向、距離,、大小,、對稱性、平行性,、直線性等）進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)比較測試,，一致揭示了慣用右手的人左腦拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)的知覺占優(yōu)勢,；還用功能磁共振成像發(fā)現(xiàn)，拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)分辨產(chǎn)生大腦左半球顳葉興奮,。有專家認(rèn)為,，該研究得出的結(jié)論“左半球拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)知覺占優(yōu)勢、右半球局部幾何性質(zhì)知覺占優(yōu)勢”,，為解決視覺的左右大腦關(guān)系的各種爭論問題提供了一個統(tǒng)一的理論框架,，同時為認(rèn)識大腦、開發(fā)大腦提供了一個基本的科學(xué)根據(jù),。
《美國科學(xué)院院刊》的審稿者在評論中指出：這（指左右大腦關(guān)系）是一個被廣泛研究了很多年的既重要又混淆的領(lǐng)域,；陳和他的群體提供了有力證據(jù)，用拓?fù)湫再|(zhì)來定義大范圍的整體,，能夠即便不是完全地,、也是充分地澄清了這樣的混淆。
生物谷推薦英文原文：
Published online before print December 18, 2007, 10.1073/pnas.0709664104
PNAS | December 26, 2007 | vol. 104 | no. 52 | 21014-21019
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES / PSYCHOLOGY
Global topological dominance in the left hemisphere
Bo Wang*, Tian Gang Zhou, Yan Zhuo*, and Lin Chen
State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, 100101 Beijing, China
Communicated by Robert Desimone, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, October 17, 2007 (received for review August 9, 2007)
A series of experiments with right-handers demonstrated that the left hemisphere (LH) is reliably and consistently superior to the right hemisphere (RH) for global topological perception. These experiments generalized the topological account of lateralization to different kinds of topological properties (including holes, inside/outside relation, and "presence vs. absence") in comparison with a broad spectrum of geometric properties, including orientation, distance, size, mirror-symmetry, parallelism, collinearity, etc. The stimuli and paradigms used were also designed to prevent subjects from using various nontopological properties in performing the tasks of topological discrimination. Furthermore, task factors commonly considered in the study of hemispheric asymmetry, such as response latency vs. accuracy, vertical vs. horizontal presentation, detection vs. recognition, and simultaneous vs. sequential judgment, were manipulated to not be confounding factors. Moreover, left-handed subjects were tested and showed the right lateralization of topological perception, in the opposite direction of lateralization compared with right-handers. In addition, the functional magnetic resonance imaging measure revealed that only a region in the left temporal gyrus was consistently more activated across subjects in the task of topological discrimination, consistent with the behavioral results. In summary, the global topological dominance in the LH is well supported by the converging evidence from the variety of paradigms and techniques, and it suggests a unified solution to the current major controversies on visual lateralization.
visual lateralization | perception | temporal gyrus | holes | inside/outside relation
Fig. 2. Results of the fMRI study. (A–C) fMRI activation loci in conditions A and B and the condition of topological category vs. local geometric category, respectively. (D and E) The two time courses of fMRI signal changes in conditions A and B [t(1,13) = 9.88, P = 3 x 10–7, and t(1,11) = 4.69, P = 6.6 x 10–4]. (F) Significant peaks of activation loci identified in 15 individual subjects (green squares) and in a group analysis (larger green circle) in condition A, and in 12 individual subjects (magenta squares) and in a group analysis (larger magenta circle) in condition B; peaks are projected on the IT area of a flattened LH cortical surface of an average template brain.
