打孩子時(shí),家長(zhǎng)常常會(huì)說(shuō),,“下次記住疼,!”這或許有點(diǎn)道理。美國(guó)科學(xué)家的一項(xiàng)最新研究首次表明,,能夠影響機(jī)體痛覺(jué)的神經(jīng)受體TRPV1在大腦的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶中也起到特定作用,。這一研究成果有望為治療記憶損失和癲癇癥提供新的藥物標(biāo)靶。相關(guān)論文發(fā)表在3月13日的《神經(jīng)元》(Neuron)雜志上,。
TRPV1全稱(chēng)為瞬時(shí)受體電位香草酸亞型(transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype),,它們普遍分布于包括皮膚、脊髓和大腦在內(nèi)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,。該類(lèi)受體能夠感知熱量,、引發(fā)炎癥并傳導(dǎo)疼痛。此外,,它們還能夠?qū)苯匪刈龀鲰憫?yīng),。
在最新的研究中,美國(guó)布朗大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)教授Julie Kauer和她的小組發(fā)現(xiàn),,TRPV1受體的活化能夠引起長(zhǎng)時(shí)程抑制(long-term depression,,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)LTD),從而導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)元突觸聯(lián)接的永久改變,。而這些大腦改變,,以及相應(yīng)的神經(jīng)重組和長(zhǎng)期增益(long-term potentiation)過(guò)程往往被認(rèn)為是細(xì)胞層面上記憶形成的基礎(chǔ)。
利用辣椒素處理小鼠海馬區(qū)(與學(xué)習(xí)和記憶相關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域)腦組織后,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,TRPV1通道被激活,,且該通道的單獨(dú)作用就可引起長(zhǎng)時(shí)程抑制,。同時(shí),,一種名為利莫那班(Rimonabant)的藥物可以通過(guò)關(guān)閉TRPV1通道來(lái)完全阻斷這種壓抑狀態(tài)。隨后,,研究人員又對(duì)去除TRPV1受體的小鼠大腦組織進(jìn)行了類(lèi)似的研究,,結(jié)果沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)程抑制現(xiàn)象。
Kauer表示,,“新揭示的TRPV1受體功能是出乎我們意料的,。此前,從沒(méi)有人將這一疼痛受體與記憶的深層機(jī)制聯(lián)系起來(lái),。因此可以說(shuō),,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了大腦神經(jīng)可塑性的一個(gè)全新角色。”
新的研究成果有望為阻止記憶損失以及治療神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)紊亂提供有效的藥物標(biāo)靶,。此外,,Kauer表示,新結(jié)論還具有警示意義,。用于治療肥胖的利莫那班會(huì)阻礙TRPV1受體,,此外,還有許多止痛劑和消炎藥也是通過(guò)影響TRPV1起作用,。但值得注意的是,,這些與中央神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的TRPV1受體綁定的藥物起到的作用很可能不僅僅是止痛而已。“新的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明,,這些藥物可能會(huì)有一些精神病方面的副作用,。”Kauer說(shuō)。(科學(xué)網(wǎng) 任霄鵬/編譯)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(Neuron),,Vol 57, 746-759, 13 March 2008,,Helen E. Gibson, Julie A. Kauer
TRPV1 Channels Mediate Long-Term Depression at Synapses on Hippocampal Interneurons
Helen E. Gibson,1,2 Jeffrey G. Edwards,1,2,3 Rachel S. Page,1 Matthew J. Van Hook,1 and Julie A. Kauer1,
1 Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
Corresponding author
Summary
TRPV1 receptors have classically been defined as heat-sensitive, ligand-gated, nonselective cation channels that integrate nociceptive stimuli in sensory neurons. TRPV1 receptors have also been identified in the brain, but their physiological role is poorly understood. Here we report that TRPV1 channel activation is necessary and sufficient to trigger long-term synaptic depression (LTD). Excitatory synapses onto hippocampal interneurons were depressed by either capsaicin, a potent TRPV1 channel activator, or the endogenously released eicosanoid, 12-(S)-HPETE, whereas neighboring excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal cells were unaffected. TRPV1 receptor antagonists also prevented interneuron LTD. In brain slices from TRPV1−/− mice, LTD was absent, and neither capsaicin nor 12-(S)-HPETE elicited synaptic depression. Our results suggest that, in the hippocampus, TRPV1 receptor activation selectively modifies synapses onto interneurons. Like other forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity, TRPV1-mediated LTD may have a role in long-term changes in physiological and pathological circuit behavior during learning and epileptic activity.