創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙(PTSD)患者會在悲慘事件后表現(xiàn)出極端焦慮、消沉及惡夢等,。對PTSD的易感性因人而異,有些人在較小的創(chuàng)傷后就會發(fā)生這種癥狀,,而另外一些人在經(jīng)歷戰(zhàn)爭,、颶風和各種形式的身體虐待后情緒仍然不會崩潰。美國科學家近日研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,兒童期遭受虐待的人日后生活中是否會發(fā)生PTSD,,可能主要由某種與應激有關的基因變異來決定,。相關論文發(fā)表在3月19日的《美國醫(yī)學協(xié)會期刊》(JAMA)上。
之前的研究表明,,兒童期遭受虐待的人更易患PTSD,,并且研究人員估計,多達40%的這種易感性是可遺傳的,,但是起作用的基因一直沒有弄清,。其中一個可能的是基因FKBP5,它幫助調節(jié)應激激素和其受體之間的綁定,。
在最新的研究中,,美國埃默里大學的研究人員收集了762個人的數(shù)據(jù),他們大部分都來自窮困的黑人生活區(qū),,并在為期2年的時間里以非精神病的原因去診所就診,。通過采訪和問卷,參與者報告了兒童期虐待及其它一些類型的后期生活創(chuàng)傷,。參與者還被要求留下唾液樣本以進行DNA檢測,。
有30%的參與者報告曾經(jīng)歷過兒童期身體或性虐待,這些人后期遭受創(chuàng)傷時表現(xiàn)出PTSD癥狀的數(shù)量是那些未曾報告遭受虐待的人的兩倍,。并且,,F(xiàn)KBP5兩個特殊的突變在這些曾遭受虐待的人身上也更為常見。這些突變自身并不會預報PTSD,,表明是某種基因與早期創(chuàng)傷的結合導致了PTSD的易感性,。研究人員總結說,某些突變使得兒童的腦細胞在一生當中都對應激激素更為敏感,。
新西蘭奧塔哥大學(University of Otago)的基因-環(huán)境交感專家Richie Poulton認為,,這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是復雜的,并且只是初步的研究,,但從生物學上看來是有道理的,。美國國立心理健康研究所的精神病學家Daniel Weinberger則表示,這是一篇重要的文章,,“它表明,,最好是在其它危險因素的背景下來研究與復雜精神病狀況相關的基因。我認為這是將來的發(fā)展趨勢,。”(科學網(wǎng) 梅進/編譯)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
(JAMA),,299(11):1291-1305,Elisabeth B. Binder,,Kerry J. Ressler
Association of FKBP5 Polymorphisms and Childhood Abuse With Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adults
Elisabeth B. Binder, MD, PhD; Rebekah G. Bradley, PhD; Wei Liu, PhD; Michael P. Epstein, PhD; Todd C. Deveau, BS; Kristina B. Mercer, MPH; Yilang Tang, MD, PhD; Charles F. Gillespie, MD, PhD; Christine M. Heim, PhD; Charles B. Nemeroff, MD, PhD; Ann C. Schwartz, MD; Joseph F. Cubells, MD, PhD; Kerry J. Ressler, MD, PhD
JAMA. 2008;299(11):1291-1305.
Context In addition to trauma exposure, other factors contribute to risk for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Both genetic and environmental factors are contributory, with child abuse providing significant risk liability.
Objective To increase understanding of genetic and environmental risk factors as well as their interaction in the development of PTSD by gene x environment interactions of child abuse, level of non–child abuse trauma exposure, and genetic polymorphisms at the stress-related gene FKBP5.
Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional study examining genetic and psychological risk factors in 900 nonpsychiatric clinic patients (762 included for all genotype studies) with significant levels of childhood abuse as well as non–child abuse trauma using a verbally presented survey combined with single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping. Participants were primarily urban, low-income, black (>95%) men and women seeking care in the general medical care and obstetrics-gynecology clinics of an urban public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, between 2005 and 2007.
Main Outcome Measures Severity of adult PTSD symptomatology, measured with the modified PTSD Symptom Scale, non–child abuse (primarily adult) trauma exposure