英國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,短期視覺記憶比科學(xué)家想象的更加靈活,。這種記憶并不像人們原來以為的那樣,只局限于有限數(shù)目的物體,,而是能夠在整體景象中進(jìn)行“分配”,。讓人感興趣的物體會(huì)分配到更多的記憶,背景因素則分配到較少的記憶,。
據(jù)英國《金融時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道,,研究人員保羅·貝斯和馬蘇德·侯賽因要求倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的志愿者觀看一個(gè)電腦屏幕,屏幕上先是顯示一些物體,,幾秒后變成空白,,然后一個(gè)物體重新出現(xiàn),但位置略有些變動(dòng),。志愿者須說出這個(gè)物體向左還是向右移了,。
隨著屏幕上的物體增多,人們回憶物體原始位置的準(zhǔn)確性出現(xiàn)遞減,。但在物體只有四,、五件時(shí),記憶的準(zhǔn)確性并未大幅下降,,這與普遍的觀點(diǎn)不同。此項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果登載在8月8日的《科學(xué)》(Science)雜志上,。
譬如,,在觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)接力賽跑時(shí),我們可能將更多的記憶分配給我們所支持的那一隊(duì),,場中關(guān)鍵物體——接力棒也會(huì)占據(jù)較大一部分記憶,。雖然對(duì)于次要的細(xì)節(jié),如運(yùn)動(dòng)員的服裝和其他隊(duì)的成員,,記憶會(huì)比較不清晰,,但在視覺上容易引起注意的細(xì)節(jié),如運(yùn)動(dòng)員粉紅色的頭發(fā),,會(huì)吸引我們的注意,。
“這涉及到將工作記憶分配給那些最重要的事物,。”貝斯表示。“當(dāng)某樣?xùn)|西吸引我們的注意時(shí),,我們將部分工作記憶轉(zhuǎn)移到它上面,,以備這件東西最終變得很重要。換句話說,,它得到很大份額的記憶資源,。”(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Science,Vol. 321. no. 5890, pp. 851 - 854,,Paul M. Bays,,Masud Husain
Dynamic Shifts of Limited Working Memory Resources in Human Vision
Paul M. Bays1,2* and Masud Husain1,2
Our ability to remember what we have seen is very limited. Most current views characterize this limit as a fixed number of items—only four objects—that can be held in visual working memory. We show that visual memory capacity is not fixed by the number of objects, but rather is a limited resource that is shared out dynamically between all items in the visual scene. This resource can be shifted flexibly between objects, with allocation biased by selective attention and toward targets of upcoming eye movements. The proportion of resources allocated to each item determines the precision with which it is remembered, a relation that we show is governed by a simple power law, allowing quantitative estimates of resource distribution in a scene.
1 Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK.
2 Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.