日本研究人員在最新出版的美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志上報(bào)告說,，他們確定了人類大腦中產(chǎn)生嫉妒和幸災(zāi)樂禍情緒的區(qū)域,，并發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩種情緒密切相關(guān),。
日本放射醫(yī)學(xué)綜合研究所等機(jī)構(gòu)的研究人員讓接受測(cè)試的19名大學(xué)生閱讀能激發(fā)他們上述兩種情緒的故事，并用功能磁共振成像儀測(cè)定他們腦部血流的變化,。在讀故事時(shí),，接受測(cè)試的人設(shè)定自己為故事中成績(jī)平平的主人公，故事中另外還有ABC三個(gè)人物,。A與主人公同性別,，人生道路和目標(biāo)也幾乎相同，但是成績(jī)優(yōu)秀,，家境富裕,，很受異性歡迎；B與主人公性別不同,，雖然更加優(yōu)秀,，但是人生道路和目標(biāo)沒有重疊；C也與主人公性別不同,，成績(jī)普通,，人生道路和主人公也不同。
接受測(cè)試的大學(xué)生讀完故事后,，研究人員讓他們回答對(duì)出場(chǎng)人物ABC的嫉妒程度,，并將嫉妒的程度分為6個(gè)級(jí)別。答案顯示,，這些人對(duì)ABC的嫉妒程度依次遞減,。功能磁共振成像儀對(duì)腦部血流變化的測(cè)定結(jié)果顯示，對(duì)出場(chǎng)人物A,，接受測(cè)試者大腦前扣帶回皮層最為活躍,，而對(duì)B和C，這一大腦區(qū)域活躍程度依次遞減,。前扣帶回皮層被認(rèn)為是大腦處理身體疼痛的區(qū)域,。
接著，研究人員讓這些大學(xué)生閱讀故事的續(xù)集,。在續(xù)集中,，出場(chǎng)人物ABC遇到了各種不幸事件。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,，在學(xué)生們對(duì)ABC不幸遭遇產(chǎn)生的幸災(zāi)樂禍情緒程度依次遞減的同時(shí),，其大腦紋狀體的活躍程度也在遞減。紋狀體通常被認(rèn)為在獲得金錢回報(bào)或者社會(huì)認(rèn)可時(shí)活躍,。
此外研究還證實(shí),，19名接受測(cè)試者中，在產(chǎn)生嫉妒情緒時(shí)前扣帶回皮層的活動(dòng)越活躍的人，其產(chǎn)生幸災(zāi)樂禍情緒時(shí)紋狀體的活躍程度就越高,。
研究人員表示，這項(xiàng)研究表明嫉妒與看到他人不幸后的自我滿足密切相關(guān),，該成果可應(yīng)用于心理咨詢等,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science 13 February 2009:Vol. 323. no. 5916, pp. 937 - 939 DOI: 10.1126/science.1165604
When Your Gain Is My Pain and Your Pain Is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude
Hidehiko Takahashi,1,2,3* Motoichiro Kato,4 Masato Matsuura,2 Dean Mobbs,5 Tetsuya Suhara,1 Yoshiro Okubo6
We often evaluate the self and others from social comparisons. We feel envy when the target person has superior and self-relevant characteristics. Schadenfreude occurs when envied persons fall from grace. To elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of envy and schadenfreude, we conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. In study one, the participants read information concerning target persons characterized by levels of possession and self-relevance of comparison domains. When the target person's possession was superior and self-relevant, stronger envy and stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation were induced. In study two, stronger schadenfreude and stronger striatum activation were induced when misfortunes happened to envied persons. ACC activation in study one predicted ventral striatum activation in study two. Our findings document mechanisms of painful emotion, envy, and a rewarding reaction, schadenfreude.
1 Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 9-1, 4-chome, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
2 Department of Life Sciences and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
3 Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
4 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
5 Medical Research Council (MRC)–Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
6 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603, Japan.
