我國(guó)科研人員在神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞研究領(lǐng)域取得重要進(jìn)展,，由復(fù)旦大學(xué)腦科學(xué)研究院楊振綱副教授領(lǐng)銜的課題組通過大鼠實(shí)驗(yàn),，發(fā)現(xiàn)了神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在神經(jīng)再生中的獨(dú)特行為方式,。這一結(jié)果提示,，神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞移植需要進(jìn)行干預(yù),，才能起到有效治療腦部疾病的作用,，從而為神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞用于腦損傷修復(fù)指明了新的道路,。
這一研究成果4月23日發(fā)表在國(guó)際知名學(xué)術(shù)期刊《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》上，并被選為亮點(diǎn)文章重點(diǎn)介紹,。
科學(xué)研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),，人腦內(nèi)終生都有神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞，在腦內(nèi)能夠不斷產(chǎn)生新的神經(jīng)元,，但是遺憾的是,，受損傷的人腦并不能因此成功自我修復(fù)。主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,，這是因?yàn)槟X內(nèi)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的數(shù)量太少,，因此，全世界眾多科研人員大多聚焦于想方設(shè)法地?cái)U(kuò)增神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,。
復(fù)旦大學(xué)腦科學(xué)研究院的科研人員利用腦中風(fēng)的大鼠模型,，發(fā)現(xiàn)極易受損傷的腦區(qū)是腦部紋狀體，紋狀體內(nèi)90％以上的神經(jīng)元都是投射神經(jīng)元,，它們“個(gè)頭”中等,，渾身上下長(zhǎng)滿了“刺”，而研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大鼠腦部自身的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的新生神經(jīng)元“個(gè)頭”很小,，身上幾乎沒有“刺”,，不能滿足修復(fù)紋狀體的要求。
研究領(lǐng)銜者,、復(fù)旦大學(xué)腦科學(xué)研究院神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)發(fā)育研究組組長(zhǎng)楊振綱副教授指出：不論是胚胎時(shí)期還是成年后,，腦部神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞都只能產(chǎn)生一定種類的神經(jīng)元,。大腦內(nèi)有近1000億個(gè)神經(jīng)元，其中分為近1萬(wàn)種不同類型,，神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在胚胎發(fā)育時(shí)就已經(jīng)分工明確,，在成人腦內(nèi)找不到一種能分化出所有類型神經(jīng)元的“全能干細(xì)胞”。
在這一研究的基礎(chǔ)上,，未來(lái)科學(xué)家將有望利用各種遺傳學(xué)干預(yù)手段,，去誘導(dǎo)人腦部神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞分化出特定功能的神經(jīng)元，治療阿爾茨海默病,、帕金森病等多種神經(jīng)退行性疾病,。據(jù)悉，相關(guān)探索已經(jīng)在復(fù)旦大學(xué)腦科學(xué)研究院神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞和神經(jīng)發(fā)育研究組展開,，并獲得了教育部和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委的課題資助,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原始出處：
The Journal of Neuroscience, April 22, 2009, 29(16):5075-5087; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0201-09.2009
Brain Injury Does Not Alter the Intrinsic Differentiation Potential of Adult Neuroblasts
Fang Liu,1 * Yan You,1 * Xiaosu Li,1 Tong Ma,1 Yanzhen Nie,1 Bin Wei,1 Tiejun Li,2 Huanbing Lin,3 and Zhengang Yang1
1Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China, 2Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 200433 Shanghai, People's Republic of China, and 3Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Zhengang Yang, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Neuroblasts produced by the neural stem cells of the adult subventricular zone (SVZ) migrate into damaged brain areas after stroke or other brain injuries, and previous data have suggested that they generate regionally appropriate new neurons. To classify the types of neurons produced subsequent to ischemic injury, we combined BrdU or virus labeling with multiple neuronal markers to characterize new cells at different times after the induction of stroke. We show that SVZ neuroblasts give rise almost exclusively to calretinin-expressing cells in the damaged striatum, resulting in the accumulation of these cells during long term recovery after stroke. The vast majority of SVZ neuroblasts as well as newly born young and mature neurons in the damaged striatum constitutively express the transcription factor Sp8, but do not express transcription factors characteristic of medium-sized spiny neurons, the primary striatal projection neurons lost after stroke. Our results suggest that adult neuroblasts do not alter their intrinsic differentiation potential after brain injury.
