美國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),學習新事物之后打個盹是個好習慣,。如果夢到之前的學習內容,,可以加深記憶、增強學習效果,。
相關研究成果發(fā)表在最新一期《當代生物學》雜志上,。
沖出“迷宮”
美國哈佛大學研究人員征集99名志愿者參與實驗,,要求他們學習電腦屏幕上出現(xiàn)的3D迷宮布局,以便幾小時后找到虛擬空間出口,。
學習結束后,,研究人員允許半數(shù)實驗對象小睡兩小時,另一半人可以回想學習內容,,但不能入睡,。5小時后,全部受試者重新“進入”迷宮尋找出口,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,有4名受試者夢到迷宮任務,他們找到出口的速度最快,,是其他沒有做夢的人的10倍,。
哈佛大學醫(yī)學院睡眠與認知中心主任羅伯特·斯蒂克戈爾德是研究報告撰寫人之一,美國健康生活網(wǎng)站22日援引他的話報道:“這4名受試者做夢時大腦某部分重現(xiàn)了迷宮布局,,這能夠加深記憶,,幫助他們勝出。”
夢中“工作”
斯蒂克戈爾德說,,夢境也許代表腦部正在不同層次處理相同問題,,“做夢可能反映出大腦試圖找出不同記憶之間的聯(lián)系,進而形成經(jīng)驗,,以便日后遇到相同狀況時派上用場”,。
報告共同撰寫人埃琳·瓦姆斯利認為,這種現(xiàn)象說明在夢中大腦的無意識區(qū)仍在處理其認定的最重要事情,。她說:“每天人都會接觸到數(shù)量驚人的信息和新經(jīng)驗,,這可以看做是夢境在向人發(fā)問——我該如何利用這些信息來提高生活質量。”
斯蒂克戈爾德建議人們利用這種現(xiàn)象來提高學習能力和記憶效果,。比方說,,學生最好在晚上就寢前用功讀書,或者下午集中精力學習一段時間后打個盹兒,。
“在清醒狀態(tài)下,,大腦每運轉兩小時就要用一小時加工獲得的信息,所以每天夜間我們需要睡眠8小時,,”斯蒂克戈爾德說,。
招來“誤解”
這項實驗還存在疑問:在迷宮游戲中有近50人獲準睡去,為什么僅有4人能夠夢到任務,?
斯蒂克戈爾德說,,在另一項“高山滑雪游戲”測試中,86%的受試者能在夢中重現(xiàn)任務,,這形成了鮮明對比,。
據(jù)他推測,,也許是因為迷宮游戲“比較單調乏味,不像‘高山滑雪’那樣吸引人”,。斯蒂克戈爾德說下一步會盡力弄清原因,。
專門研究睡眠問題的美國加利福尼亞大學戴維斯分校教授歐文·范伯格并不認同這項研究成果,他說:“沒有確鑿證據(jù)表明睡眠對加深記憶有任何作用,。”
斯蒂克戈爾德回應說,這是對自己研究成果的曲解,,“我并沒有說過需要補充睡眠來保持記憶力”,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Current Biology 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.027
Dreaming of a Learning Task Is Associated with Enhanced Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation
Erin J. Wamsley, Matthew Tucker, Jessica D. Payne, Joseph A. Benavides, Robert Stickgold
It is now well established that postlearning sleep is beneficial for human memory performance [1,2,3,4,5]. Meanwhile, human and animal studies have demonstrated that learning-related neural activity is re-expressed during posttraining nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep [6,7,8,9]. NREM sleep processes appear to be particularly beneficial for hippocampus-dependent forms of memory [1,2,3,10]. These observations suggest that learning triggers the reactivation and reorganization of memory traces during sleep, a systems-level process that in turn enhances behavioral performance. Here, we hypothesized that dreaming about a learning experience during NREM sleep would be associated with improved performance on a hippocampus-dependent spatial memory task. Subjects were trained on a virtual navigation task and then retested on the same task 5 hr after initial training. Improved performance at retest was strongly associated with task-related dream imagery during an intervening afternoon nap. Task-related thoughts during wakefulness, in contrast, did not predict improved performance. These observations suggest that sleep-dependent memory consolidation in humans is facilitated by the offline reactivation of recently formed memories, and furthermore that dream experiences reflect this memory processing. That similar effects were not observed during wakefulness suggests that these mnemonic processes are specific to the sleep state.