5月5日,,美國約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員表示,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)黑巧克力中含有的一種化合物能在人們中風(fēng)后,,通過提高細胞信號量來保護患者大腦,。過去的研究曾表明,,細胞信號能夠防止神經(jīng)細胞受到損傷,。
該化合物名為表兒茶素(epicatechin),。研究人員給實驗鼠單次喂食適當(dāng)劑量的表兒茶素,并在90分鐘后采用停止給其大腦供血的方法讓實驗鼠出現(xiàn)缺血性中風(fēng),。經(jīng)過與對照組的比較,,他們發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)先食用了表兒茶素的實驗鼠出現(xiàn)大腦損傷的情況要少許多,。
人在中風(fēng)后2到3小時是有效治療的時間段,。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),實驗鼠在中風(fēng)3個半小時后食用表兒茶素仍能阻止神經(jīng)元發(fā)生進一步的損傷,。不過,,中風(fēng)6小時后再服用,在保護大腦細胞方面則毫無作用,。
約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院副教授沙利文·多雷博士表示,,研究表明,,表兒茶素能夠刺激過去人們所了解的兩種保護大腦神經(jīng)細胞免受損失的通道。當(dāng)人中風(fēng)后,,大腦因Nrf2和血紅色氧化酶(heme oxygenase)這兩個通道被激活而處于自我保護狀態(tài),。但研究人員也發(fā)現(xiàn),那些被挑出來的身體中兩個通道缺乏活性的實驗鼠在中風(fēng)后,,表兒茶素對其沒有明顯的保護作用,,它們的大腦細胞出現(xiàn)壞死。
由于這項研究并沒有進入臨床試驗,,目前還不知道食用多少黑巧克力才能產(chǎn)生對大腦細胞的保護作用,。研究人員表示,人們不應(yīng)該將此作為食用大量黑巧克力的借口,,因為黑巧克力為高卡路里和高脂肪食品,。事實上,應(yīng)該提醒人們注意飲食健康,,多吃不同的水果和蔬菜,。
多雷還表示,由于表兒茶素可能起到的是非直接作用,,因此人們對其的實際需求量可能很少,。
他認為,,表兒茶素和其代謝物的作用可能是促進細胞進行自我保護,,人體或許需要它來啟動細胞中已有的保護途徑。
多雷希望這項關(guān)于大腦保護通道的研究最終能夠幫助深入了解減少急性中風(fēng)的方法,,以及用于防止慢性神經(jīng)退化疾病,,如阿爾茨海默氏癥和其他老年性認知障礙。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2010.53
The flavanol (-)-epicatechin prevents stroke damage through the Nrf2/HO1 pathway
Zahoor A Shah, Rung-chi Li, Abdullah S Ahmad, Thomas W Kensler, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shyam Biswal and Sylvain Doré
Epidemiologic studies have shown that foods rich in polyphenols, such as flavanols, can lower the risk of ischemic heart disease; however, the mechanism of protection has not been clearly established. In this study, we investigated whether epicatechin (EC), a flavanol in cocoa and tea, is protective against brain ischemic damage in mice. Wild-type mice pretreated orally with 5, 15, or 30?mg/kg EC before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) had significantly smaller brain infarcts and decreased neurologic deficit scores (NDS) than did the vehicle-treated group. Mice that were posttreated with 30?mg/kg of EC at 3.5?hours after MCAO also had significantly smaller brain infarcts and decreased NDS. Similarly, WT mice pretreated with 30?mg/kg of EC and subjected to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity had significantly smaller lesion volumes. Cell viability assays with neuronal cultures further confirmed that EC could protect neurons against oxidative insults. Interestingly, the EC-associated neuroprotection was mostly abolished in mice lacking the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) or the transcriptional factor Nrf2, and in neurons derived from these knockout mice. These results suggest that EC exerts part of its beneficial effect through activation of Nrf2 and an increase in the neuroprotective HO1 enzyme.