一名士兵和一位母親可能共有某些有趣的腦部化學(xué)反應(yīng),，據(jù)6月11日的《科學(xué)》雜志報(bào)道稱,。研究人員說，催產(chǎn)素是一種激素及神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),，也許其最有名的是它在母體行為和社交關(guān)系形成中所扮演的角色,。催產(chǎn)素看來還會(huì)鼓勵(lì)“地方性利他主義”。
該種行為是利他主義（即個(gè)人以付出自身的代價(jià)的行為造福于團(tuán)體成員）與地方主義（即對(duì)其他團(tuán)體的敵視性行為）的結(jié)合,。 比方說,，一名保家衛(wèi)國的士兵在冒著危險(xiǎn)的情況下與敵人戰(zhàn)斗就是一種地方性利他主義。 地方性利他主義在人類的社會(huì)行為進(jìn)化的解釋中占有重要的比例,，其中包括達(dá)爾文自己的解釋,。 Carsten De Dreu及其在荷蘭的同僚對(duì)地方性利他主義是否有腦部催產(chǎn)素的生物學(xué)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。在三項(xiàng)全部都為男性志愿者的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,，他們比較了那些通過噴鼻方式接受了某一劑量的催產(chǎn)素的個(gè)人與那些接受的是某種安慰劑的個(gè)人所做的選擇進(jìn)行了比較,。 這些志愿者接著被分配到三人為一組的小組中，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員向他們介紹一種游戲：在這種游戲中,，志愿者會(huì)做出對(duì)他們自己,、小組的其他成員以及對(duì)手小組的財(cái)物狀況有影響的機(jī)密決定。
結(jié)果表明,，催產(chǎn)素會(huì)激發(fā)一種“照管與防衛(wèi)”反應(yīng),、促進(jìn)小組內(nèi)的信任、合作和防御,，但對(duì)競爭對(duì)手小組則不會(huì)出現(xiàn)進(jìn)攻性侵略,。 無論人們?cè)谧匀坏那闆r下是多么的合作，該激素看來都具有這種效應(yīng),。 (生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處：
Science DOI: 10.1126/science.1189047
The Neuropeptide Oxytocin Regulates Parochial Altruism in Intergroup Conflict Among Humans
Carsten K. W. De Dreu,1,* Lindred L. Greer,1 Michel J. J. Handgraaf,1 Shaul Shalvi,1 Gerben A. Van Kleef,1 Matthijs Baas,1 Femke S. Ten Velden,1 Eric Van Dijk,2 Sander W. W. Feith3
Humans regulate intergroup conflict through parochial altruism; they self-sacrifice to contribute to in-group welfare and to aggress against competing out-groups. Parochial altruism has distinct survival functions, and the brain may have evolved to sustain and promote in-group cohesion and effectiveness and to ward off threatening out-groups. Here, we have linked oxytocin, a neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus, to the regulation of intergroup conflict. In three experiments using double-blind placebo-controlled designs, male participants self-administered oxytocin or placebo and made decisions with financial consequences to themselves, their in-group, and a competing out-group. Results showed that oxytocin drives a "tend and defend" response in that it promoted in-group trust and cooperation, and defensive, but not offensive, aggression toward competing out-groups.
1 Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, Netherlands.
2 Department of Psychology, Leiden University, Postbox 9555, 2300 RB, Netherlands.
3 Stichting AllesKits, Cypruslaan 410, 3059 XA Rotterdam, Netherlands.
