6月9日,，《神經(jīng)科學(xué)雜志》發(fā)表了中國科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)研究院神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所樹突發(fā)育與神經(jīng)環(huán)路形成研究組的最新成果,。該項(xiàng)工作由博士研究生何姍和博士后馬駿在于翔研究員的指導(dǎo)下共同完成,。
環(huán)境因素對腦發(fā)育至關(guān)重要,。運(yùn)用對新生小鼠進(jìn)行豐富環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)作為研究環(huán)境因素影響腦發(fā)育的行為范式,，何姍和馬駿通過電生理與生物化學(xué)等檢測手段發(fā)現(xiàn),，與普通條件飼養(yǎng)的小鼠相對比,，兩周的豐富環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)可加速小鼠海馬CA1腦區(qū)椎體神經(jīng)元伽馬氨基丁酸能和谷氨酸能突觸傳遞的發(fā)育,表現(xiàn)在微小突觸后伽馬氨基丁酸或谷氨酸能電流幅度或頻率的增加,，以及突觸后受體和骨架蛋白表達(dá)水平的上調(diào)。
更重要的是,，豐富環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)可以促進(jìn)伽馬氨基丁酸在早期神經(jīng)環(huán)路發(fā)育過程中從興奮性向抑制性的轉(zhuǎn)變,。綜上所述，對新生小鼠進(jìn)行早期豐富環(huán)境飼養(yǎng)可以加速海馬腦區(qū)神經(jīng)環(huán)路的成熟,。
該工作得到了科學(xué)院,、科技部和國家自然科學(xué)基金的資助。(生物谷Bioon.net)
生物谷推薦原文出處：
The Journal of Neuroscience doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6375-09.2010
Early Enriched Environment Promotes Neonatal GABAergic Neurotransmission and Accelerates Synapse Maturation
Shan He,1,2 * Jun Ma,1 * Na Liu,1,2 and Xiang Yu1
1Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China, and 2Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
Environmental stimulation is critical for brain development. Here, we report that natural stimulation through enriched environment (EE) rearing during the first 2 weeks of mouse postnatal development promotes GABAergic neurotransmission and accelerates maturation of GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. Using whole-cell recordings from CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute hippocampal slices, we found that EE-reared mice exhibited higher amplitude of miniature GABAergic postsynaptic currents (mGPSCs) at 1 week of postnatal development, as well as accelerated transition of GABA action from excitation to inhibition, compared with mice reared under standard housing conditions. This enhanced GABAergic synaptic transmission persisted until the end of the second postnatal week, when GABA mostly acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Consistent with these electrophysiological results, we observed elevated levels of GABAA receptors and the K+-Cl– cotransporter KCC2. Similarly, increased levels of excitatory synaptic components, including NMDA and AMPA receptors and the scaffolding protein PSD95, were detected in synaptosomal fractions from the forebrain/hippocampus of EE-reared mice during the first two postnatal weeks. Functional increase in glutamatergic synaptic transmission, as measured by increased amplitude of miniature and spontaneous EPSCs, was also detected during the second postnatal week. Together, these results demonstrate that early environmental stimulation through EE rearing enhances early postnatal GABAergic neurotransmission, which is known to play important trophic functions in many aspects of neural development.
