日本名古屋市立大學(xué)研究人員在的美國科學(xué)雜志《神經(jīng)元》網(wǎng)絡(luò)版上發(fā)表文章指出,,他們?cè)诶美鲜筮M(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)其腦內(nèi)新產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在腦內(nèi)移動(dòng)的機(jī)制,。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)可能有助于開發(fā)治療腦梗塞等腦部疾病的新方法,。
此前,研究人員已經(jīng)知道神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞主要存在于成年哺乳動(dòng)物側(cè)腦室的室管膜下區(qū),,在正常情況下處于“蟄伏”狀態(tài),,在腦部受到損傷等特殊情況下,,神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞可以增殖、遷移并且分化成新的神經(jīng)元和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,,然后在腦的不同部位發(fā)揮相應(yīng)作用,,比如使受到損傷的部位再生或者發(fā)育成與嗅覺等感覺有關(guān)的細(xì)胞。但是,,這些神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在細(xì)胞密布的腦內(nèi)是如何移動(dòng)的,,一直未被專家了解清楚。
名古屋市立大學(xué)的再生醫(yī)學(xué)教授澤本和延率領(lǐng)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn),,老鼠腦內(nèi)新產(chǎn)生的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞在通過腦內(nèi)分布最廣的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞間隙時(shí),,會(huì)分泌一種名為“SLIT”的蛋白質(zhì),受到這種蛋白質(zhì)刺激后,,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞就會(huì)把自身凸起的部分收縮回去,,從而為神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞讓出一條通道,使神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞得以在腦內(nèi)移動(dòng),。星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞是哺乳動(dòng)物腦內(nèi)分布最廣泛的一類細(xì)胞,,該細(xì)胞伸出的許多長(zhǎng)且分叉的凸起物充填在各種神經(jīng)細(xì)胞之間,起支持和分隔神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的作用,。
研究人員進(jìn)而通過操作使老鼠的神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞無法分泌“SLIT”蛋白質(zhì),,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的移動(dòng)速度變得非常緩慢,星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞也不再為其讓路,,這說明正是“SLIT”蛋白質(zhì)使神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞能夠在腦內(nèi)順利移動(dòng),。
在下一階段的研究中,名古屋市立大學(xué)的研究者將嘗試開發(fā)讓神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞高效移動(dòng)到指定部位的新方法,,以期更好地治療腦梗塞等腦部疾?。ㄋ{(lán)建中)。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
Neuron doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.018
New Neurons Clear the Path of Astrocytic Processes for Their Rapid Migration in the Adult Brain
Naoko Kaneko, Oscar Marín, Masato Koike, Yuki Hirota, Yasuo Uchiyama, Jane Y. Wu, Qiang Lu, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Hideyuki Okano, John L.R. Rubenstein, Kazunobu Sawamoto
In the long-range neuronal migration of adult mammals, young neurons travel from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb, a long journey (millimeters to centimeters, depending on the species). How can these neurons migrate through the dense meshwork of neuronal and glial processes of the adult brain parenchyma? Previous studies indicate that young neurons achieve this by migrating in chains through astrocytic tunnels. Here, we report that young migrating neurons actively control the formation and maintenance of their own migration route. New neurons secrete the diffusible protein Slit1, whose receptor, Robo, is expressed on astrocytes. We show that the Slit-Robo pathway is required for morphologic and organizational changes in astrocytes that result in the formation and maintenance of the astrocytic tunnels. Through this neuron-glia interaction, the new neurons regulate the formation of the astrocytic meshwork that is needed to enable their rapid and directional migration in adult brain.