不少家長擔(dān)心,孩子進(jìn)入青春期,,交友不慎會學(xué)壞,。美國一項(xiàng)研究顯示,隨著年齡增長,,少年的大腦會提升“防御”功能,,幫助抵御壞朋友的影響。
對比研究
俄勒岡大學(xué)研究人員找來同為10歲的24名女孩和14名男孩,,讓他們看印有不同面部表情的圖片,,同時用磁共振成像儀(MRI)掃描他們的大腦。圖片上的表情包括中性,、生氣,、恐懼、歡樂和悲傷,。
掃描完成后,,研究人員讓這些孩子填寫調(diào)查問卷,回答是否能抗拒同齡人影響,、是否有過冒險(xiǎn)行為等問題,。
三年后,這些孩子開始進(jìn)入青春期,,再次參加先前的實(shí)驗(yàn),。
研究人員對比兩次實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果后發(fā)現(xiàn),孩子大腦中腹側(cè)紋狀體,、即與愉悅和情感控制相關(guān)區(qū)域的活動明顯增強(qiáng),。
能力提升
研究人員認(rèn)為,少年腹側(cè)紋狀體活動增強(qiáng),,表明抵御外界影響的能力增加,,控制自己情緒的能力提高。
俄勒岡大學(xué)社會神經(jīng)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室負(fù)責(zé)人珍妮弗·普法伊費(fèi)爾說:“人們通常認(rèn)為處于青春期的少年容易受同齡人影響,情況的確如此,。不過,,他們抗拒影響的能力也不斷提升。”
她說,,青春期的孩子花更多時間與同齡人而非家人在一起,,受同齡人影響更多。所以,,增強(qiáng)抵御影響的能力是好事,。
這一研究結(jié)果由最新一期《神經(jīng)元》月刊發(fā)表。
掌握技巧
普法伊費(fèi)爾說:“少年越能控制對同齡人引誘自己墮落的情感反應(yīng),,可能越不容易受外界影響,。”
她說,這項(xiàng)研究為后續(xù)研究打下基礎(chǔ),。人們對大腦發(fā)育仍有不少領(lǐng)域需要探索,。
另外,他說,,研究表明,,少年適當(dāng)掌握調(diào)節(jié)情緒的技巧十分必要,可以讓他們少受同齡人的負(fù)面影響,,在成長道路上避免做出冒險(xiǎn)行為,。
先前英國研究人員對少年大腦所作研究顯示,少年大腦處于發(fā)育階段,,存在大量灰質(zhì)細(xì)胞,,即參與信息傳輸和處理的細(xì)胞,導(dǎo)致處于發(fā)育階段的頭腦思維混亂,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Neuron doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.019
Entering Adolescence: Resistance to Peer Influence, Risky Behavior, and Neural Changes in Emotion Reactivity
Jennifer H. Pfeifer, Carrie L. Masten, William E. Moore, Tasha M. Oswald, John C. Mazziotta, Marco Iacoboni, Mirella Dapretto
Highlights
Longitudinal MRI reveals development of neural reactivity to emotion from ages 10-13
Responsivity increased in ventral striatum (VS), ventromedial PFC, and amygdala
Increased VS activity linked with less susceptibility to peer influence, risk-taking
VS showed more negative functional connectivity with amygdala in early adolescence
Summary
Adolescence is often described as a period of heightened reactivity to emotions paired with reduced regulatory capacities, a combination suggested to contribute to risk-taking and susceptibility to peer influence during puberty. However, no longitudinal research has definitively linked these behavioral changes to underlying neural development. Here, 38 neurotypical participants underwent two fMRI sessions across the transition from late childhood (10 years) to early adolescence (13 years). Responses to affective facial displays exhibited a combination of general and emotion-specific changes in ventral striatum (VS), ventromedial PFC, amygdala, and temporal pole. Furthermore, VS activity increases correlated with decreases in susceptibility to peer influence and risky behavior. VS and amygdala responses were also significantly more negatively coupled in early adolescence than in late childhood while processing sad and happy versus neutral faces. Together, these results suggest that VS responses to viewing emotions may play a regulatory role that is critical to adolescent interpersonal functioning.