美國成癮與精神衛(wèi)生教研中心的一項最新研究顯示,,煙癮很重的人一旦戒煙就會感到痛苦無比,,這是因為戒煙初期大腦中與情緒有關(guān)的單胺氧化酶A(MAO-A)的含量會增加。這一發(fā)表在《普通精神病學(xué)文獻》上的研究成果也解釋了為什么煙癮重的人患臨床抑郁癥的風(fēng)險很高,。
由資深專家杰弗里·邁耶領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的小組通過先進的腦成像方法發(fā)現(xiàn),戒煙8小時后,大腦中負(fù)責(zé)控制情緒部分的MAO-A含量上升了25%,,其含量比另一組不吸煙的人高出許多,。所有48位受試者填寫的調(diào)查問卷顯示:大腦MAO-A含量高的人,悲傷情緒尤為嚴(yán)重,。
邁耶博士說:“了解戒煙過程中的悲傷情緒很重要,,因為它讓人們很難戒煙,尤其在開始的幾天里,。煙癮重的人還與臨床抑郁癥的發(fā)病有密切關(guān)聯(lián),。這是我們第一次在戒煙過程中研究MAO-A,它的含量通常會在臨床抑郁癥患者的大腦中增加,。”
MAO-A消耗大腦中幫助維持正常情緒的血清素,。當(dāng)MAO-A的含量在戒煙初期增加時,這意味著消耗血清素的過程會過分活躍,,于是人們感到悲傷,。在研究中,研究人員通過被稱作正電子放射斷層造影術(shù)(PET)的腦成像技術(shù)來探測MAO-A的含量,。成癮與精神衛(wèi)生教研中心擁有世界上唯一一臺專用于成癮與精神衛(wèi)生研究的PET掃描儀,。
研究人員說,香煙中含有的一種叫哈爾滿的特殊物質(zhì)也許與MAO-A含量的變化有關(guān),。在吸煙時,,這種特殊物質(zhì)會吸附在MAO-A上。對于一天吸25支以上香煙的人來說,,在戒煙初期,,其MAO-A含量會迅速上升,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過健康人群的含量,。
邁耶博士說:“這項研究開辟了防止戒煙過程中情緒變壞的新方法,,使戒煙更加容易。例如,,我們可以改進現(xiàn)有的香煙過濾嘴,,使其能夠部分過濾掉香煙中的哈爾滿,或者控制香煙中色氨酸的含量,,因為色氨酸在燃燒時能轉(zhuǎn)變成哈爾滿,。”(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.82
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Monoamine Oxidase A Binding in the Prefrontal and Anterior Cingulate Cortices During Acute Withdrawal From Heavy Cigarette Smoking
Ingrid Bacher, PhD; Sylvain Houle, MD, PhD; Xin Xu, MD; Laurie Zawertailo, PhD; Alexandra Soliman, PhD; Alan A. Wilson, PhD; Peter Selby, MD; Tony P. George, MD; Julia Sacher, MD, PhD; Laura Miler, BSc; Stephen J. Kish, PhD; Pablo Rusjan, PhD; Jeffrey H. Meyer, MD, PhD
Greater prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) binding is associated with depressed mood. Substances in cigarette smoke, such as harman, inhibit MAO-A, and cigarette withdrawal is associated with depressed mood. Dysphoria during cigarette withdrawal predicts relapse. It is unknown whether MAO-A binding increases during early cigarette withdrawal. Study via positron emission tomography of healthy control and cigarette-smoking individuals. The increase in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex MAO-A binding and associated reduction in plasma harman level represent a novel, additional explanation for depressed mood during withdrawal from heavy cigarette smoking. This finding resolves a longstanding paradox regarding the association of cigarette smoking with depression and suicide and argues for additional clinical trials on the effects of MAO-A inhibitors on quitting heavy cigarette smoking.