科學(xué)家揭示,磁刺激腦部可影響人的情緒,。一項(xiàng)關(guān)于磁刺激(TMS)的研究表明,,在人類大腦皮層前半部分不活躍時(shí),,人們往往很難控制自己的情緒。
專家們相信這可以幫助人們克服如極不愿意參加派對(duì)的一些社會(huì)焦慮癥癥狀,。大腦皮層幫助我們回憶往事以及關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié),。
這項(xiàng)研究成果發(fā)表在《當(dāng)代生物學(xué)》上,首次證明磁刺激(TMS)通過改變腦部的磁場(chǎng)可短暫地影響大腦的一些活動(dòng),。在這個(gè)試驗(yàn)中,,負(fù)責(zé)情緒轉(zhuǎn)變的結(jié)構(gòu)——杏仁核,變得異?;钴S,。
荷蘭奈梅亨大學(xué)(Radboud University Nijmegen)大學(xué)的神經(jīng)學(xué)教授Inge Volman稱,這有助治療社會(huì)焦慮癥,。
TMS是指通過通過頭骨對(duì)大腦進(jìn)行磁刺激,。一段很短的磁脈沖信號(hào)就可以暫時(shí)的刺激或抑制大腦上一小范圍內(nèi)的活動(dòng)。Volman教授是第一個(gè)接受實(shí)驗(yàn)的人,,試驗(yàn)中通過腦部掃描儀能看到她可以控制一部分前額葉皮層(aPFC)的活動(dòng),。之前關(guān)于TMS的實(shí)驗(yàn)只是檢測(cè)被測(cè)者行為上的變化, Volman教授則做了一個(gè)關(guān)于人對(duì)不同表情的反應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn),。
通常,,人們會(huì)親近面帶笑容的人,躲避那些滿臉怒火的人,,而測(cè)試者被要求做出相反的舉動(dòng),他們必須去與那些生氣的人交流,,當(dāng)人為控制他們前額葉皮層(aPFC)活動(dòng)的時(shí)候,,他們的表現(xiàn)明顯要比沒用控制時(shí)更加自然。
Volman教授說通過對(duì)動(dòng)物和人的研究,,我們已經(jīng)知道腦部活動(dòng)和行為之間的關(guān)系,。以前我們只能根據(jù)行為動(dòng)作進(jìn)行考量,現(xiàn)在可以通過TMS直接影響腦部的活動(dòng),。雖然具體的原理還不是很清楚,,但是TMS已經(jīng)應(yīng)用于抑郁癥治療領(lǐng)域。但是TMS的刺激作用只是暫時(shí)性的,,所以用于徹底治療癥狀還不太可能,。
雖不能根治癥狀但是卻可以幫助人們克服某種心理上的障礙,比如有些患有社會(huì)焦慮癥的人極力避免去參加派對(duì)聚會(huì)這樣的活動(dòng),,這樣容易陷入惡性循環(huán),,排斥心理會(huì)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。通過TMS刺激可以減輕他們的排斥心理,,當(dāng)他們?cè)囍ミ^一個(gè)派對(duì)后,,也許有了一次很愉快的經(jīng)歷,,那么他們?cè)偃ヅ蓪?duì)的時(shí)候可能就不用再借助TMS刺激的輔助了。
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doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.08.050
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Anterior Prefrontal Cortex Inhibition Impairs Control over Social Emotional Actions
Inge Volman, Karin Roelofs, Saskia Koch, Lennart Verhagen, Ivan Toni
When dealing with emotional situations, we often need to rapidly override automatic stimulus-response mappings and select an alternative course of action , for instance, when trying to manage, rather than avoid, another's aggressive behavior. The anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) has been linked to the control of these social emotional behaviors . We studied how this control is implemented by inhibiting the left aPFC with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS; ). The behavioral and cerebral consequences of this intervention were assessed with a task quantifying the control of social emotional actions and with concurrent measurements of brain perfusion. Inhibition of the aPFC led participants to commit more errors when they needed to select rule-driven responses overriding automatic action tendencies evoked by emotional faces. Concurrently, task-related perfusion decreased in bilateral aPFC and posterior parietal cortex and increased in amygdala and left fusiform face area. We infer that the aPFC controls social emotional behavior by upregulating regions involved in rule selection and downregulating regions supporting the automatic evaluation of emotions . These findings illustrate how exerting emotional control during social interactions requires the aPFC to coordinate rapid action selection processes, the detection of emotional conflicts, and the inhibition of emotionally-driven responses.