英國牛津大學(xué)的學(xué)者在新一期的《人類神經(jīng)科學(xué)前沿》（Frontiers in Human Neuroscience）雜志上發(fā)布了他們最新的研究成果"Human cortical activity evoked by the assignment of authenticity when viewing works of art",，其研究結(jié)果表明當(dāng)被告知一件藝術(shù)品是真品或是仿造品時(shí),，大腦對(duì)藝術(shù)品的視覺感官反應(yīng)會(huì)被改變,。
研究人員為十四位參與者佩戴了腦部掃描裝置,，并向他們展示了荷蘭畫家倫勃朗（Rembrandt）的畫作，其中一部分為真跡,，而其他的則是由不同的藝術(shù)家仿造的,。參與者自身無法區(qū)分出畫作的真?zhèn)危欢?，告知畫作的真?shí)性信息將改變大腦做出的反應(yīng),，無論藝術(shù)品本身究竟是真是假，這些信息都同樣生效,。
在研究過程中,，當(dāng)參與者被告知畫作為真跡時(shí)，他們腦部有關(guān)獎(jiǎng)賞事件（比如品嘗美食或贏得賭注）區(qū)域的活性將被提高,。而被告知這并非出自大師之手則會(huì)觸發(fā)他們腦部涉及尋求新策略的區(qū)域的一系列反應(yīng),。參與者反應(yīng)，當(dāng)他們看到被告知為仿制的藝術(shù)品時(shí),，他們會(huì)試圖去找出專家認(rèn)為它不是真跡的原因,。
論文作者、牛津大學(xué)的生理學(xué)教授安得烈-派克表示：“這項(xiàng)研究證明了一點(diǎn),，當(dāng)我們作出審美判斷時(shí),，我們其實(shí)受到了各種因素的影響，而并非所有的影響都會(huì)立即表達(dá)出來,。這表明當(dāng)一個(gè)復(fù)雜的判斷形成時(shí),，大腦的不同區(qū)域是相互影響的，而不是只有單一區(qū)域參與其中,。”（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00134
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Human cortical activity evoked by the assignment of authenticity when viewing works of art
Mengfei Huang, Holly Bridge, Martin J. Kemp and Andrew J. Parker
The expertise of others is a major social influence on our everyday decisions and actions. Many viewers of art, whether expert or naïve, are convinced that the full esthetic appreciation of an artwork depends upon the assurance that the work is genuine rather than fake. Rembrandt portraits provide an interesting image set for testing this idea, as there is a large number of them and recent scholarship has determined that quite a few fakes and copies exist. Use of this image set allowed us to separate the brain’s response to images of genuine and fake pictures from the brain’s response to external advice about the authenticity of the paintings. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, viewing of artworks assigned as “copy,” rather than “authentic,” evoked stronger responses in frontopolar cortex (FPC), and right precuneus, regardless of whether the portrait was actually genuine. Advice about authenticity had no direct effect on the cortical visual areas responsive to the paintings, but there was a significant psycho-physiological interaction between the FPC and the lateral occipital area, which suggests that these visual areas may be modulated by FPC. We propose that the activation of brain networks rather than a single cortical area in this paradigm supports the art scholars’ view that esthetic judgments are multi-faceted and multi-dimensional in nature.
