你能說出那些畫面像人臉,但是不會誤認(rèn)為那是真人的面部,?!痘始覍W(xué)會學(xué)報(bào)B》(Proceedings of the Royal Society B)1月4日發(fā)布的研究認(rèn)為,左側(cè)腦做了起初的重體力工作,它試圖確定這個(gè)圖案有多像臉,,但最終的決定是右腦做出的,。
美國麻省理工學(xué)院腦與認(rèn)知科學(xué)教授辛哈(Pawan Sinha)和同事發(fā)現(xiàn)了對應(yīng)這種區(qū)別能力的大腦活動。“腦部梭狀回很早就被人們與面部識別聯(lián)系在了一起,。研究者認(rèn)為,,左側(cè)梭狀回會詳細(xì)測算一個(gè)圖像有多像面孔,右側(cè)梭狀回則用這些信息進(jìn)行快速決策,,判斷這個(gè)物體是否真的是人臉,。
研究者會讓參與者評判一系列圖片是否像人臉,并用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)掃描被試的腦部,,被試左右腦的活動模式很不相同,,在右邊的腦區(qū)對所有真正的面部圖片反應(yīng)始終如一,但是對所有不是人臉的圖片則反應(yīng)不同,,不論這些圖片有多像人臉,。這表明右半腦的任務(wù)可能是判斷是否一張圖片是否真的是人臉。
同時(shí),,在左側(cè)腦的類似區(qū)域中,,活動模式則是隨著圖像越來越像臉而逐步改變,對于真的人臉和假的人臉,,腦部活動沒有明顯的區(qū)分,。對于這個(gè)現(xiàn)象,研究者總結(jié)后認(rèn)為左側(cè)腦部會對圖像有多像臉做評分,,但是不會做歸類,。
辛哈表示,可以認(rèn)為左側(cè)腦做的是起初的重體力搬運(yùn)工作,,它試圖確定這個(gè)圖案有多像臉,,但是不會做出最終的決定。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),,左側(cè)梭狀回的活動比右側(cè)早上那么幾秒,,這個(gè)現(xiàn)象也可以用來支持科學(xué)家提出的假說,即左側(cè)腦部先做一些工作,,然后再把信息傳給右側(cè)腦部做處理,。不過辛哈也表示,由于fMRI是根據(jù)血流變化來顯示腦部活動的,,這種技術(shù)可能有些遲滯,,時(shí)間先后可能還不能作為確切證據(jù)。
研究者希望,,將來能夠用腦電圖(EEG)或腦磁圖(MEG)來進(jìn)行更多的研究,,這兩種技術(shù)能夠更好地反應(yīng)腦部活動的時(shí)間,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1098/rspb.2011.1784
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Lateralization of face processing in the human brain
Ming Meng,Tharian Cherian, Gaurav Singa, Pawan Sinha
Are visual face processing mechanisms the same in the left and right cerebral hemispheres? The possibility of such ‘duplicated processing’ seems puzzling in terms of neural resource usage, and we currently lack a precise characterization of the lateral differences in face processing. To address this need, we have undertaken a three-pronged approach. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed cortical sensitivity to facial semblance, the modulatory effects of context and temporal response dynamics. Results on all three fronts revealed systematic hemispheric differences. We found that: (i) activation patterns in the left fusiform gyrus correlate with image-level face-semblance, while those in the right correlate with categorical face/non-face judgements. (ii) Context exerts significant excitatory/inhibitory influence in the left, but has limited effect on the right. (iii) Face-selectivity persists in the right even after activity on the left has returned to baseline. These results provide important clues regarding the functional architecture of face processing, suggesting that the left hemisphere is involved in processing ‘low-level’ face semblance, and perhaps is a precursor to categorical ‘deep’ analyses on the right.