近日,,神經(jīng)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)責(zé)保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的關(guān)鍵蛋白質(zhì),,這一研究結(jié)果可能有助于開(kāi)發(fā)出中風(fēng)和癲癇的新療法。
已發(fā)現(xiàn)的這一關(guān)鍵蛋白質(zhì)激活后能保護(hù)在心臟衰竭或癲癇發(fā)作期間神經(jīng)細(xì)胞免受損害,,該蛋白能調(diào)節(jié)大腦中的神經(jīng)細(xì)胞之間的信息傳輸,。該研究由英國(guó)布里斯托爾大學(xué)神經(jīng)科學(xué)家完成,并刊登在Nature Neuroscience雜志上,。
布里斯托爾醫(yī)學(xué)院教授Jeremy Henley和Jack Mellor博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)的蛋白質(zhì)SUMO負(fù)責(zé)控制減少或加強(qiáng)大腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞保護(hù)機(jī)制的化學(xué)過(guò)程,。
這些關(guān)鍵的SUMO蛋白質(zhì)會(huì)對(duì)大腦的活動(dòng)水平產(chǎn)生微妙的反應(yīng),調(diào)節(jié)紅藻氨酸受體的信息傳輸量,紅藻氨酸受體負(fù)責(zé)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞之間的溝通,,而神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的激活可導(dǎo)致癲癇發(fā)作和神經(jīng)細(xì)胞死亡,。
蛋白質(zhì)的功能由其結(jié)構(gòu)所控制,其獨(dú)立或與包括磷酸化,、泛素化和SUMO化有關(guān),。目前的研究表明紅藻氨酸受體自身磷酸化會(huì)促進(jìn)蛋白質(zhì)的活動(dòng)。然而,,磷酸化也有利于紅藻氨酸受體的SUMO化,,減少他們的活動(dòng)。因此調(diào)控紅藻氨酸受體功能的磷酸化和SUMO化之間是一種動(dòng)態(tài)和微妙的相互作用過(guò)程,。
磷酸化和SUMO化之間的這種微妙的平衡依賴于大腦的活動(dòng)水平,,在中風(fēng)或癲癇發(fā)生時(shí),這種平衡被破壞,,這會(huì)加強(qiáng)SUMO化,,并因此降低紅藻氨酸受體的功能,保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,。
生理學(xué)和藥理學(xué)學(xué)院的高級(jí)講師Mellor博士說(shuō):紅藻氨酸受體1蛋白參與許多疾病過(guò)程包括癲癇,。然而,我們目前仍不清楚為什么紅藻氨酸受體如此重要,。我們清楚SUMO蛋白質(zhì)在神經(jīng)保護(hù)過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了重要作用,。這些結(jié)果證實(shí)SUMO和紅藻氨酸受體之間由聯(lián)系,有助于我們了解神經(jīng)細(xì)胞是如何在過(guò)度和異?;顒?dòng)時(shí)保護(hù)自己的,。
Henley教授補(bǔ)充說(shuō):這項(xiàng)工作非常重要,因?yàn)樗鼮槟芨钊氲亓私饬四X細(xì)胞之間是如何進(jìn)行信息流調(diào)節(jié)提供了一個(gè)新的視角,。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)SUMO附著在藻氨酸受體上的數(shù)量增加會(huì)降低細(xì)胞之間的溝通交流,,這樣可以通過(guò)防止大腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的過(guò)度激發(fā)來(lái)治療癲癇。(生物谷:Bioon.com)
doi:10.1038/nn.3089
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SUMOylation and phosphorylation of GluK2 regulate kainate receptor trafficking and synaptic plasticity
Sophie E L Chamberlain,Inmaculada M González-González,Kevin A Wilkinson,Filip A Konopacki,Sriharsha Kantamneni,Jeremy M Henley& Jack R Mellor
Phosphorylation or SUMOylation of the kainate receptor (KAR) subunit GluK2 have both individually been shown to regulate KAR surface expression. However, it is unknown whether phosphorylation and SUMOylation of GluK2 are important for activity-dependent KAR synaptic plasticity. We found that protein kinase C–mediated phosphorylation of GluK2 at serine 868 promotes GluK2 SUMOylation at lysine 886 and that both of these events are necessary for the internalization of GluK2-containing KARs that occurs during long-term depression of KAR-mediated synaptic transmission at rat hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Conversely, phosphorylation of GluK2 at serine 868 in the absence of SUMOylation led to an increase in KAR surface expression by facilitating receptor recycling between endosomal compartments and the plasma membrane. Our results suggest a role for the dynamic control of synaptic SUMOylation in the regulation of KAR synaptic transmission and plasticity.