5月15日,，最新一期《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》（Neurology）雜志發(fā)表了美國加利福尼亞州斯坦福睡眠流行病研究中心主任莫里斯·瓦永的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，平均每三名美國人中就有一人曾經(jīng)離床夢游,。研究認(rèn)為,，精神狀態(tài)的極度低沉以及其他睡眠紊亂狀況都可能增加夢游可能性,。
研究使用的一項調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在美國15個州的1.6萬名受訪對象中,，29%的人承認(rèn)曾經(jīng)夢游至少一次,，將近3%的人承認(rèn)夢游頻率在每年一次至每月一次之間，1%的人平均每月夢游兩次或兩次以上,。
過去有關(guān)夢游癥的研究大多在實驗室或臨床完成,。瓦永說，這項研究的目的是調(diào)查在現(xiàn)實日常生活中夢游發(fā)生的實際狀況,，以及夢游與生活習(xí)慣,、精神壓力的關(guān)聯(lián)。
研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，最易發(fā)生夢游的人群通常伴隨酗酒,、服用安眠藥、失眠,、睡眠呼吸停止,、精神低沉中的一種或多種。
另外,，研究發(fā)現(xiàn),，在出現(xiàn)過夢游狀況的人群中，大約三分之一的人承認(rèn)他們有夢游家族史,。
沒有參與這項研究的神經(jīng)病學(xué)研究者蒂莫西·揚對三成人有過夢游經(jīng)歷的結(jié)論并不感到驚訝,。他說，許多人在幼年時代都有過夢游經(jīng)歷,，夢游頻率一般會隨著年齡增長而降低,。蒂莫西·揚先前的一項研究顯示，大約三分之一的兒童會出現(xiàn)夢游。
蒂莫西·揚說,，說夢話等常見睡眠行為事實上也是一種夢游,。但一般認(rèn)為，睡眠期間離床行動或走出寓所才是病癥,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182563be5
PMC:
PMID:
Prevalence and comorbidity of nocturnal wandering in the US adult general population
M.M. Ohayon, MD, DSc, PhD, M.W. Mahowald, MD, Y. Dauvilliers, MD, PhD, A.D. Krystal, MD, MS and D. Léger, MD, PhD
Objective: To assess the prevalence and comorbid conditions of nocturnal wandering with abnormal state of consciousness (NW) in the American general population.
Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with a representative sample of 19,136 noninstitutionalized individuals of the US general population ≥18 years old. The Sleep-EVAL expert system administered questions on life and sleeping habits; health; and sleep, mental, and organic disorders (DSM-IV-TR; International Classification of Sleep Disorders, version 2; International Classification of Diseases–10).
Results: Lifetime prevalence of NW was 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.5%–29.9%). In the previous year, NW was reported by 3.6% (3.3%–3.9%) of the sample: 1% had 2 or more episodes per month and 2.6% had between 1 and 12 episodes in the previous year. Family history of NW was reported by 30.5% of NW participants. Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 3.9), circadian rhythm sleep disorder (OR 3.4), insomnia disorder (OR 2.1), alcohol abuse/dependence (OR 3.5), major depressive disorder (MDD) (OR 3.5), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (OR 3.9), or using over-the-counter sleeping pills (OR 2.5) or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants (OR 3.0) were at higher risk of frequent NW episodes (≥2 times/month).
Conclusions: With a rate of 29.2%, lifetime prevalence of NW is high. SSRIs were associated with an increased risk of NW. However, these medications appear to precipitate events in individuals with a prior history of NW. Furthermore, MDD and OCD were associated with significantly greater risk of NW, and this was not due to the use of psychotropic medication. These psychiatric associations imply an increased risk due to sleep disturbance.
GLOSSARY
CI= confidence interval; DSM-IV-TR= Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, text revision; ICSD-II= International Classification of Sleep Disorders, version 2; MDD= major depressive disorder; NREM= non–REM; NSAID= nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NW= nocturnal wandering; OCD= obsessive-compulsive disorder; OR= odds ratio; SSRI= selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
