克雅?。–reutzfeld Jakob disease,CJD)是一種累及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的較嚴(yán)重的致死性人畜共患病。既往認(rèn)為CJD較特異的生物標(biāo)志物為14-3-3蛋白。但最近一項(xiàng)研究顯示,,腦脊液Tau蛋白對CJD診斷更具敏感性和準(zhǔn)確性,該研究結(jié)果發(fā)表于最新一期的《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》(Neurology)雜志上,。
該研究主要目的是比較腦脊液中tau蛋白(定量)與14-3-3蛋白(定性)在朊蛋白病診斷中的各自的診斷效能,。研究共檢測了420例活體對象,對其進(jìn)行死后的神經(jīng)病理學(xué)尸檢,,包括蛋白化學(xué),、免疫組化和組織學(xué)檢查。通過ELISA法檢測tau蛋白,,通過免疫印跡法(Western Blot)檢測14-3-3蛋白,。兩種檢測方法進(jìn)行優(yōu)化以達(dá)到最高效能(精確性)。
研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),,tau蛋白與14-3-3蛋白聯(lián)系緊密,,但在預(yù)測疾病方面,tau蛋白明顯優(yōu)于14-3-3蛋白,。同時(shí)在鑒別疾病方面,,將兩種檢測結(jié)果按不同方式進(jìn)行組合后與tau蛋白效果相當(dāng)。重要的是,,tau蛋白在受試者工作特征曲線下部的面積(0.82)明顯大于14-3-3 蛋白 (0.68) (p < 0.001),。
(Tau蛋白和14-3-3蛋白ROC曲線比較)
對此,本文的研究者指出:克雅?。–JD)作為一種較少見的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,,每年的發(fā)病率是百萬分之一。在美國每年的發(fā)病率大約是300例,,每15000個(gè)神經(jīng)學(xué)家,,才能看到一例克雅病的病人,超過50年的臨床實(shí)踐才能見到一例。那么腦脊液tau蛋白與14-3-3蛋白如何影響臨床診斷的準(zhǔn)確性,?
準(zhǔn)確診斷克雅病的有2個(gè)關(guān)鍵的原因:第一,,以保證足夠的預(yù)防措施以避免疾病的傳播;第二,,減少類似CJD但非-CJD癡呆疾病誤診為CJD,,因?yàn)榍罢呤强芍委煹摹?/p>
最理想的測試是靈敏度和特異性均接近100%。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與腦脊液tau14-3-3蛋白相比,,tau蛋白的診斷準(zhǔn)確性更佳,,盡管這兩者都不是CJD的最佳預(yù)測因子。14-3-3蛋白定性測量的一個(gè)問題是,,約30%的結(jié)果是模棱兩可的,,如果把這些模棱兩可的結(jié)果也認(rèn)為是陽性的話,14-3-3蛋白檢測敏感性確實(shí)很高,,但存在很多假陽性。Tau蛋白,,更特異一些,,假陽性更少,但假陰性較多,,但整體而言,,它更為準(zhǔn)確。
先把統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)準(zhǔn)確性放一邊的話,,假陰性和假陽性測試的價(jià)值也是不同的,。考慮醫(yī)院的安全性,,最大限度地減少假陰性高敏感的測試是可行的;考慮非CJD的診斷的鑒別,,優(yōu)先選擇高度敏感的測試,最大限度減少假陽性,。
Tau和14-3-3蛋白都不是最佳的篩選試驗(yàn),。如果在CJD真實(shí)發(fā)病率很低的人群中,這兩者的陽性預(yù)測價(jià)值都會(huì)大大降低,,因此它們應(yīng)該是在臨床高度懷疑CJD時(shí)作為輔助測試來進(jìn)行,。
迅速進(jìn)展性癡呆,通常伴有共濟(jì)失調(diào),,視力障礙,,錐體外系癥狀,驚嚇誘發(fā)的肌陣攣,,MRI上基底節(jié)出DWI陽性改變,,以及腦電圖顯示周期性的尖波,這些在實(shí)驗(yàn)室CSF檢查之前能夠幫助我們明確診斷。(生物谷Bioon.com)
doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e318263565f
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PMID:
A comparison of tau and 14-3-3 protein in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Hamlin C, Puoti G, Berri S, Sting E, Harris C, Cohen M, Spear C, Bizzi A, Debanne SM, Rowland DY.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the respective efficiency of CSF tau (quantitative) and CSF 14-3-3 protein (qualitative) in the diagnosis of prion disease.
METHODS: We made measurements on 420 live subjects, who subsequently underwent a postmortem neuropathology examination, including protein chemistry, immunohistochemistry, and histology. We performed tau by ELISA. We detected 14-3-3 protein by Western blot. Both assays were optimized for maximum efficiency (accuracy).
RESULTS: We found tau and 14-3-3 proteins to be closely correlated, but tau had a significantly better ability to predict disease status than 14-3-3 protein. Also, tau distinguished disease status at least as well as when both assays' results are combined in a variety of ways. Importantly, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for tau (0.82) was significantly larger than that for 14-3-3 protein (0.68) (p < 0.001). Diagnostic test statistics are provided for the study subjects with 58.3% prevalence, and for a more typical, nonselected, 7.5% prevalence as received by our center.
CONCLUSION: In this study, tau is superior to 14-3-3 protein as a marker in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and is as efficient singly compared to a variety of combinations with 14-3-3 protein. This is the first study of this magnitude to examine prion disease diagnostic tests in a carefully characterized patient population with detailed statistical evaluation.