2012年10月25日 訊 /生物谷BIOON/ --每天喝幾杯酒，一般被認為是一個很好的生活方式,，可以促進心血管和大腦的健康,。但是，由羅格斯大學開展的一項研究表明,，溫和的飲酒方式和酗酒之間有一明顯界線,，酗酒行為可以減少成人腦細胞的數(shù)量高達40％。
相關研究結果公布在Neuroscience雜志上,，主要作者Tracey J. Shors表示：酗酒可能顯著降低成人大腦結構的完整性,。研究員Anderson說：適度飲酒可以成為酗酒，通常沒有人意識到這一點,。在短期內可能對運動技能或整體運作問題不會有任何顯著的影響,，但是從長遠來看，這類行為可能影響學習和記憶功能,。
Shors和Anderson研究員用血液中的酒精含量達到0.08％的嚙齒類動物模擬中度至重度飲酒的人,，在美國和其他許多國家的合法駕駛極限為酒精含量達到0.08％，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)含量達到0.08％對腦細胞產生負面影響,。
研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)與那些在空白嚙齒動物相比,，動物血液中的酒精含量達到0.08％后，大腦海馬區(qū)神經細胞的數(shù)量減少了近40％,。海馬是大腦的重要一部分,，新的神經元是已知的學習和記憶功能發(fā)育所必需的。在短期內,，酒精的攝入量雖然不足以損害雄性或雌性大鼠的運動技能或防止它們的學習功能,。不過，Anderson說,，腦細胞的數(shù)量隨著時間的推移會大幅減少,，這可能會對成大腦結構的可塑性產生深遠的影響。（生物谷：Bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.018
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PMID:
Moderate drinking? Alcohol consumption significantly decreases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus
M.L. Andersona, , M.S. Nokiab, , K.P. Govindarajuc, T.J. Shorsc,
Drinking alcohol in moderation is often considered a health-conscious behavior, associated with improved cardiovascular and brain health. However, “moderate” amounts of alcohol include drinking 3–4 alcohol beverages in a day, which is closer to binge drinking and may do more harm than good. Here we examined how daily drinking of moderate-high alcohol alters the production of new neurons in the adult hippocampus. Male and female adult Sprague–Dawley rats were provided free access to a liquid replacement diet that was supplemented with either 4% ethanol or Maltodextrin for a period of 2 weeks. Proliferating cells were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and the number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus was assessed after the final day of drinking. A subset of rats was also exposed to a motor skill or associative learning task to examine the functional effects of alcohol consumption. The drinking regime resulted in an average blood alcohol concentration of approximately 0.08%, which is comparable to the human legal driving limit in many countries. This level of intoxication did not impair motor skill learning or function in either sex, nor did the alcohol consumption disrupt associative learning 2 days after drinking. Therefore, moderate alcohol consumption did not disrupt basic sensory, motor or learning processes. However, the number of cells produced in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was reduced by nearly 40%. Thus, even moderate consumption of alcohol for a relatively short period of time can have profound effects on structural plasticity in the adult brain.
