香港科技大學(xué)9月16日表示,該校理學(xué)院院長,、分子神經(jīng)科學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任葉玉如領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì),,此前全球首次成功確定一種干細(xì)胞“中間前體細(xì)胞”可精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控大腦皮層的生長,解開特定蛋白與“自閉癥”等相關(guān)疾病成因的謎團(tuán),。
當(dāng)天,,葉玉如在新聞發(fā)布會上分享這次研究成果。大腦皮層是哺乳動物大腦的最主要結(jié)構(gòu),,控制了語言,、意識、抽象思維和空間認(rèn)知等高階心智功能
大腦皮層的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能發(fā)育受控于神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的形成過程,,若這過程失調(diào),,便會導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)細(xì)胞數(shù)量異常,產(chǎn)生“巨腦癥”或“小腦癥”,,亦會造成心智發(fā)育遲緩等障礙,。
葉玉如介紹,近來大量科學(xué)證據(jù)表明,,“自閉癥”的形成與大腦過大及神經(jīng)細(xì)胞過多,,并由此導(dǎo)致功能異常有重要聯(lián)連。然而,,科學(xué)界過往對大腦發(fā)育的分子機(jī)制,,仍然缺乏了解。
研究小組這次發(fā)現(xiàn),,通過調(diào)控一個名為“Axin蛋白”的功能,,可以控制“中間前體細(xì)胞”的數(shù)量和神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的形成,從而決定大腦的體積,。
依據(jù)這新發(fā)現(xiàn),,研究小組發(fā)明了用基因手段,,在老鼠的大腦中增多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞并擴(kuò)張大腦皮層,發(fā)現(xiàn)了老鼠出現(xiàn)類似人類“自閉癥”重覆同一動作的行為,。
葉玉如指,,這新技術(shù)將能用于闡述大腦皮層的過度生長,是否與“自閉癥”有直接關(guān)系,。新發(fā)現(xiàn)也有望應(yīng)用于干細(xì)胞療法,,在大腦發(fā)育早期減少或增多神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,用以治療“巨腦癥”或“小腦癥”,。
另外,,因?yàn)?ldquo;Axin蛋白”對干細(xì)胞的形成和功能至關(guān)重要,科學(xué)家們可將“Axin蛋白”作為一個重要靶標(biāo),,用以研發(fā)和篩選相關(guān)藥物,,應(yīng)用于干細(xì)胞療法。
這研究成果為探索大腦皮層的演化和擴(kuò)增過程現(xiàn)曙光,,有助破解與大腦早期發(fā)育過程異常有關(guān)的疾病機(jī)理,。
據(jù)悉,這次突破性的發(fā)現(xiàn),,已在神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域頂尖學(xué)術(shù)期刊《神經(jīng)元》(Neuron)上發(fā)表。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦的英文摘要
Neuron DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.017
Axin Directs the Amplification and Differentiation of Intermediate Progenitors in the Developing Cerebral Cortex
Wei-Qun Fang,, Wei-Wei Chen,, Amy K.Y. Fu, Nancy Y.
The expansion of the mammalian cerebral cortex is safeguarded by a concerted balance between amplification and neuronal differentiation of intermediate progenitors (IPs). Nonetheless,, the molecular controls governing these processes remain unclear. We found that the scaffold protein Axin is a critical regulator that determines the IP population size and ultimately the number of neurons during neurogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex. The increase of the IP pool is mediated by the interaction between Axin and GSK-3 in the cytoplasmic compartments of the progenitors. Importantly,, as development proceeds, Axin becomes enriched in the nucleus to trigger neuronal differentiation via β-catenin activation. The nuclear localization of Axin and hence the switch of IPs from proliferative to differentiative status are strictly controlled by the Cdk5-dependent phosphorylation of Axin at Thr485. Our results demonstrate an important Axin-dependent regulatory mechanism in neurogenesis,, providing potential insights into the evolutionary expansion of the cerebral cortex.