研究人員在近日在線出版的《自然—生物技術(shù)》報告說,,DNA疫苗設計中的一種聰明扭曲能提高模式動物對登革熱和西尼羅河病毒的防御力。
傳統(tǒng)疫苗含有少量的弱化病毒,,因此在罕見的情況下會引發(fā)疾病,目前,,還沒有疫苗來對付由這些病毒導致的致命性疾病,。新的DNA疫苗可消除這種擔憂,但現(xiàn)在仍然不清楚這種疫苗是否能刺激免疫系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生足夠的免疫力來保護我們免遭病毒的感染,。
Alexander Khromykh和同事的研究顯示,,他們可以大大提高DNA疫苗對付西尼羅河病毒的能力。他們的方法是允許感染顆粒出現(xiàn),,但在第一輪被感染后就阻止了病毒的復制,。這是怎么做到的呢?首先,,他們在單個DNA序列中編碼了制造活西尼羅河病毒的指令,,而且這個指令可以在兩個不同方向上被解讀。在其中一個方向上,,細胞的酶將這些指令轉(zhuǎn)錄到外殼蛋白中,,這種外殼蛋白用于包裹西尼羅河病毒的遺傳材料;而在另一個方向上,,細胞又能將這些序列譯解成除外殼蛋白之外的其他病毒蛋白質(zhì),。
含有這種背對背DNA疫苗的細胞首先會像傳統(tǒng)DNA疫苗一樣刺激免疫系統(tǒng),,但不會生產(chǎn)具有感染的活病毒,。然而,因為只有產(chǎn)生于一個方向上的外殼蛋白能包裹西尼羅河病毒的基因組,,而產(chǎn)生于相反方向序列的其他蛋白質(zhì)只能生產(chǎn)其他新類型的病毒,,并感染相鄰細胞,這樣就大大促進了免疫系統(tǒng),。然而,,對下一個細胞而言,因為所含病毒缺乏包裹所需的外殼蛋白質(zhì),,進一步的感染就被中止了,,感染性病毒的集合也這樣被中止了,。
在對小鼠和馬的試驗中,這種疫苗已顯示出對西尼羅河病毒的防御力,,新方法還可有效地對付黃病毒導致的其他疾病,,如登革熱和出血性登革熱。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Nature Biotechnology 26, 571 - 577 (2008) Published online: 20 April 2008 | doi:10.1038/nbt1400
Single-round infectious particles enhance immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine against West Nile virus
David C Chang1, Wen J Liu1, Itaru Anraku2, David C Clark1, Christopher C Pollitt3, Andreas Suhrbier2, Roy A Hall1 & Alexander A Khromykh1
DNA vaccines encoding replication-defective viruses are safer than inactivated or live attenuated viruses but may fail to stimulate an immune response sufficient for effective vaccination. We augment the protective capacity of a capsid-deleted flavivirus DNA vaccine by co-expressing the capsid protein from a separate promoter. In transfected cells, the capsid-deleted RNA transcript is replicated and translated to produce secreted virus-like particles lacking the nucleocapsid. This RNA is also packaged with the help of co-expressed capsid protein to form secreted single-round infectious particles (SRIPs) that deliver the RNA into neighboring cells. In SRIP-infected cells, the RNA is replicated again and produces additional virus-like particles, but in the absence of capsid RNA no SRIPs are formed and no further spread occurs. Compared with an otherwise identical construct that does not encode capsid, our vaccine offers better protection to mice after lethal West Nile virus infection. It also elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies in horses. This approach may enable vaccination against pathogenic flaviviruses other than West Nile virus.