食用低纖維、高糖的“西方”飲食的兒童的消化道內(nèi)細(xì)菌可能與食用富含纖維的飲食的兒童不同,，這有可能增加西方兒童的肥胖和過敏疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),。Paolo Lionetti及其同事比較了來自非洲農(nóng)村村莊和生活在意大利佛羅倫薩的兒童的消化道細(xì)菌,，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)非洲兒童的與成年肥胖有關(guān)的微生物比例更低，而且擁有的已知可以預(yù)防炎癥的脂肪酸更豐富,。非洲兒童的飲食可能類似于農(nóng)業(yè)誕生之后不久的人類飲食,，主要由谷物、豆類和蔬菜組成,，而意大利兒童食用更多的肉,、脂肪和糖。
這組作者說,，只有那些仍然接受母乳哺乳的兒童的細(xì)菌組成類似于來自其他地理群體的兒童,，這表明飲食可能比其他因素（如民族、衛(wèi)生設(shè)施,、地理與氣候）更占據(jù)支配地位,。在人類消化道內(nèi)生活的數(shù)以萬億計(jì)的微生物被認(rèn)為是幫助消化食物、預(yù)防病原體并限制炎癥的關(guān)鍵“器官”,。這組作者提出,，工業(yè)化國家的常見飲食可能減少微生物的豐富性，這很可能與過去半個(gè)世紀(jì)的過敏癥和炎癥疾病的增加有關(guān),。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦原文出處：
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1005963107
Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa
Carlotta De Filippoa, Duccio Cavalieria, Monica Di Paolab, Matteo Ramazzottic, Jean Baptiste Poulletd, Sebastien Massartd, Silvia Collinib, Giuseppe Pieraccinie, and Paolo Lionettib,1
a Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
b Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children Hospital, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
c Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy;
d DNA Vision Agrifood S.A., B-4000 Liège, Belgium; and
e Centro Interdipartimentale di Spettrometria di Massa, University of Florence, 50139 Firenze, Italy
Gut microbial composition depends on different dietary habits just as health depends on microbial metabolism, but the association of microbiota with different diets in human populations has not yet been shown. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota of European children (EU) and that of children from a rural African village of Burkina Faso (BF), where the diet, high in fiber content, is similar to that of early human settlements at the time of the birth of agriculture. By using high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing and biochemical analyses, we found significant differences in gut microbiota between the two groups. BF children showed a significant enrichment in Bacteroidetes and depletion in Firmicutes (P < 0.001), with a unique abundance of bacteria from the genus Prevotella and Xylanibacter, known to contain a set of bacterial genes for cellulose and xylan hydrolysis, completely lacking in the EU children. In addition, we found significantly more short-chain fatty acids (P < 0.001) in BF than in EU children. Also, Enterobacteriaceae (Shigella and Escherichia) were significantly underrepresented in BF than in EU children (P < 0.05). We hypothesize that gut microbiota coevolved with the polysaccharide-rich diet of BF individuals, allowing them to maximize energy intake from fibers while also protecting them from inflammations and noninfectious colonic diseases. This study investigates and compares human intestinal microbiota from children characterized by a modern western diet and a rural diet, indicating the importance of preserving this treasure of microbial diversity from ancient rural communities worldwide.
