IgG是在女性生殖道中發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要同型抗體,并被視為對(duì)抗生殖道感染的一個(gè)重要防御機(jī)制,。美國科學(xué)家在最近的一項(xiàng)研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),,新生的Fc受體(FcRn)——對(duì)于向胎兒和新生兒提供具有保護(hù)性的母體抗體是至關(guān)重要的——也能夠向女性生殖道提供IgG,并促進(jìn)局部的保護(hù)性免疫功能,。
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)知道,,F(xiàn)cRn在成年人體內(nèi)的功能是維持IgG的血清水平,。因此,,馬里蘭大學(xué)的Zili Li、Xiaoping Zhu和同事假設(shè)FcRn可能也有助于IgG穿越生殖器上皮細(xì)胞的運(yùn)輸,。最初的篩查顯示,,被信使核糖核酸(mRNA)編碼的FcRn能夠出現(xiàn)在女性生殖器上皮細(xì)胞系中,而隨后的免疫染色試驗(yàn)則利用組織切片證明,,F(xiàn)cRn在人類和小鼠的子宮和陰道上皮細(xì)胞中均有很高的表達(dá)。利用從一個(gè)表達(dá)FcRn的人類子宮細(xì)胞系所得到的單細(xì)胞層,,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),這些細(xì)胞能夠沿著細(xì)胞腔和脫離細(xì)胞腔的兩個(gè)方向輸送IgG,。然而,,敲掉FcRn后則無法觀察到IgG的傳輸,并且雞的IgY(在結(jié)構(gòu)上類似于IgG但并未結(jié)合FcRn)也無法穿越單細(xì)胞層進(jìn)行傳輸,。
接下來,研究人員轉(zhuǎn)換到一個(gè)小鼠系統(tǒng),,旨在探究FcRn在活體生殖器中的功能,。值得注意的是,與缺乏FcRn的動(dòng)物的陰道洗滌物相比,,在野生型小鼠陰道洗滌物中發(fā)現(xiàn)的IgG具有更高的水平。此外,,在使用標(biāo)記抗體的試驗(yàn)中,,在野生型小鼠的陰道洗滌物中接著能夠檢測(cè)到IgG向全身的傳輸,而在缺乏FcRn的小鼠體內(nèi)則沒有這種現(xiàn)象,。由一條陰道內(nèi)路徑進(jìn)行傳播的標(biāo)記IgG也在野生型小鼠的血清中被發(fā)現(xiàn),,但在缺乏FcRn的小鼠中卻沒有發(fā)現(xiàn),這支持了研究人員在試管中觀察到的結(jié)果,,即FcRn能夠促進(jìn)IgG穿越生殖道上皮細(xì)胞的雙向傳輸,。
最終,Zili等人研究了FcRn的這一傳輸功能是否意味著生殖道中的免疫保護(hù),。令人吃驚的是,,特別針對(duì)2型單純性皰疹病毒(HSV-2)的IgG全身傳輸能夠保護(hù)野生型小鼠——而非缺乏FcRn的小鼠——遠(yuǎn)離一種致命的陰道內(nèi)HSV-2感染。研究人員在最近出版的美國《國家科學(xué)院院刊》上報(bào)告了這一研究成果,。
這些數(shù)據(jù)表明,,IgG轉(zhuǎn)移到生殖道并非僅僅是被動(dòng)的,就像從前的想法那樣,,而是與由FcRn引發(fā)的主動(dòng)傳輸有關(guān),。這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)于疫苗的研制具有重要意義,因?yàn)樗砻髁舜龠M(jìn)系統(tǒng)或局部的IgG響應(yīng)能夠加強(qiáng)生殖道中的免疫保護(hù)功能,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原文出處:
PNAS doi: 10.1073/pnas.1012861108
Transfer of IgG in the female genital tract by MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) confers protective immunity to vaginal infection
Zili Lia,b, Senthilkumar Palaniyandia,b, Rongyu Zenga,b, Wenbin Tuoc, Derry C. Roopeniand, and Xiaoping Zhua,b,1
Abstract
IgG is a major Ig subclass in mucosal secretions of the human female genital tract, where it predominates over the IgA isotype. Despite the abundance of IgG, surprisingly little is known about where and how IgG enters the lumen of the genital tract and the exact role local IgG plays in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. We demonstrate here that the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is expressed in female genital tract epithelial cells of humans and mice and binds IgG in a pH-dependent manner. In vitro we show that FcRn mediates bidirectional IgG transport across polarized human endometrial HEC-1-A monolayers and primary human genital epithelial cells. Furthermore, endosomal acidification appears to be a prerequisite for FcRn-mediated IgG transcytosis; IgG transcytosis was demonstrated in vivo by translocation of systemically administered IgG into the genital lumen in WT but not FcRn-KO mice. The biological relevance of FcRn-transported IgG was demonstrated by passive immunization using herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2)–specific polyclonal serum, which conferred significantly higher protection against intravaginal challenge infection by the HSV-2 186 strain in WT mice than in FcRn-KO mice. These studies demonstrate that FcRn-mediated transport is a mechanism by which IgG can act locally in the female genital tract in immune surveillance and in host defense against sexually transmitted diseases.