英國(guó)和瑞士科學(xué)家7月28日?qǐng)?bào)告說(shuō),，他們?nèi)涨胺蛛x出一種能中和所有甲型流感病毒的超級(jí)抗體,，這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)可能成為研制通用流感疫苗的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。
根據(jù)血凝素的不同，對(duì)人類(lèi)威脅最大的甲型流感病毒可分為兩個(gè)大組16個(gè)亞型。人感染流感病毒后，體內(nèi)會(huì)產(chǎn)生針對(duì)該病毒血凝素的抗體,，不過(guò)血凝素演變非常快,。為了應(yīng)付血凝素的不斷變化,，疫苗制造商不得不每年重新制備新疫苗。如果能研制出通用流感疫苗,，將是疫苗制備技術(shù)的重大進(jìn)展,。
在此次研究中，英國(guó)國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的科學(xué)家與瑞士同行開(kāi)發(fā)了一種利用X射線晶體學(xué)的新方法,，增加了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)罕見(jiàn)抗體的機(jī)會(huì),。最終，他們?cè)谝幻仔土鞲胁《靖腥菊唧w內(nèi)分離出一種抗體,，后者顯示出可中和所有甲型流感病毒的能力,。
科學(xué)家將該抗體注射到小鼠和白鼬體內(nèi)后發(fā)現(xiàn)，該抗體可保護(hù)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物免受甲型流感病毒的感染,。參與研究的科學(xué)家說(shuō),，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是研制通用流感疫苗的重要一步。
有關(guān)研究報(bào)告將于7月29日發(fā)表在新一期美國(guó)《科學(xué)》雜志上,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1205669
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PMID:
A Neutralizing Antibody Selected from Plasma Cells That Binds to Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Hemagglutinins
Corti, Davide; Voss, Jarrod; Gamblin, Steven J.; Codoni, Giosiana; Macagno, Annalisa; Jarrossay, David; Vachieri, Sebastien G.; Pinna, Debora; Minola, Andrea; Vanzetta, Fabrizia; Silacci, Chiara; Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca M.; Agatic, Gloria; Bianchi, Siro; Giacchetto-Sasselli, Isabella; Calder, Lesley; Sallusto, Federica; Collins, Patrick; Haire, Lesley F.; Temperton, Nigel; Langedijk, Johannes P. M.; Skehel, John J.; Lanzavecchia, Antonio
The isolation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses has been a long-sought goal for therapeutic approaches and vaccine design. Using a single-cell culture method for screening large numbers of human plasma cells, we isolated a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that recognized the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of all 16 subtypes and neutralized both group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses. Passive transfer of this antibody conferred protection to mice and ferrets. Complexes with HAs from the group 1 H1 and the group 2 H3 subtypes analyzed by x-ray crystallography showed that the antibody bound to a conserved epitope in the F subdomain. This antibody may be used for passive protection and to inform vaccine design because of its broad specificity and neutralization potency.
