英國和瑞士科學(xué)家7月28日報告說，他們?nèi)涨胺蛛x出一種能中和所有甲型流感病毒的超級抗體,，這項發(fā)現(xiàn)可能成為研制通用流感疫苗的轉(zhuǎn)折點,。
根據(jù)血凝素的不同，對人類威脅最大的甲型流感病毒可分為兩個大組16個亞型,。人感染流感病毒后,，體內(nèi)會產(chǎn)生針對該病毒血凝素的抗體，不過血凝素演變非?？?。為了應(yīng)付血凝素的不斷變化，疫苗制造商不得不每年重新制備新疫苗,。如果能研制出通用流感疫苗,，將是疫苗制備技術(shù)的重大進展。
在此次研究中,，英國國家醫(yī)學(xué)研究所的科學(xué)家與瑞士同行開發(fā)了一種利用X射線晶體學(xué)的新方法,，增加了他們發(fā)現(xiàn)罕見抗體的機會。最終,，他們在一名甲型流感病毒感染者體內(nèi)分離出一種抗體,，后者顯示出可中和所有甲型流感病毒的能力。
科學(xué)家將該抗體注射到小鼠和白鼬體內(nèi)后發(fā)現(xiàn),，該抗體可保護實驗動物免受甲型流感病毒的感染,。參與研究的科學(xué)家說,，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是研制通用流感疫苗的重要一步。
有關(guān)研究報告將于7月29日發(fā)表在新一期美國《科學(xué)》雜志上,。(生物谷 Bioon.com)
doi:10.1126/science.1205669
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A Neutralizing Antibody Selected from Plasma Cells That Binds to Group 1 and Group 2 Influenza A Hemagglutinins
Corti, Davide; Voss, Jarrod; Gamblin, Steven J.; Codoni, Giosiana; Macagno, Annalisa; Jarrossay, David; Vachieri, Sebastien G.; Pinna, Debora; Minola, Andrea; Vanzetta, Fabrizia; Silacci, Chiara; Fernandez-Rodriguez, Blanca M.; Agatic, Gloria; Bianchi, Siro; Giacchetto-Sasselli, Isabella; Calder, Lesley; Sallusto, Federica; Collins, Patrick; Haire, Lesley F.; Temperton, Nigel; Langedijk, Johannes P. M.; Skehel, John J.; Lanzavecchia, Antonio
The isolation of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses has been a long-sought goal for therapeutic approaches and vaccine design. Using a single-cell culture method for screening large numbers of human plasma cells, we isolated a neutralizing monoclonal antibody that recognized the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein of all 16 subtypes and neutralized both group 1 and group 2 influenza A viruses. Passive transfer of this antibody conferred protection to mice and ferrets. Complexes with HAs from the group 1 H1 and the group 2 H3 subtypes analyzed by x-ray crystallography showed that the antibody bound to a conserved epitope in the F subdomain. This antibody may be used for passive protection and to inform vaccine design because of its broad specificity and neutralization potency.
