6月21日,，Cell雜志報道了宿主特異性微生物叢在誘導(dǎo)免疫系統(tǒng)成熟過程中作用的重要研究進(jìn)展。
腸道微生物誘導(dǎo)宿主的免疫系統(tǒng)成熟,，充分體現(xiàn)了宿主 - 微生物共生關(guān)系,。研究者移植小鼠微生物叢（MMB）或人類微生物叢（HMB）到無微生物（GF）小鼠小腸中，以確定是否小腸免疫成熟取決于宿主特異性的微生物共同進(jìn)化,。
研究顯示,，腸道細(xì)菌的數(shù)量和細(xì)菌分類門 (phylum)的豐度在MMB和HMB小鼠小腸中是類似的，但細(xì)菌種類不同,，尤其是厚壁菌門細(xì)菌的含量不同,。 HMB小鼠腸道有低水平的CD4 +和CD8 + T細(xì)胞；增殖T細(xì)胞和樹突狀細(xì)胞也很少,；同時,，抗菌肽的表達(dá)也比較低。這些都是類似于GF小鼠的特點,。
大鼠的微生物叢也未能充分?jǐn)U大小鼠腸道T細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,。給GF或HMB小鼠移植小鼠分段絲狀菌（SFB）可部分恢復(fù)T細(xì)胞數(shù)量。這表明SFB和其他MMB微生物是誘導(dǎo)小鼠免疫功能充分成熟所必需的,。重要的是,，MMB比HMB能更好地保護(hù)小鼠免受沙門氏菌感染?？梢?，宿主特異性微生物叢，對于一個健康的免疫系統(tǒng)是何等地關(guān)鍵,！
這項研究,，也為防止濫用抗生素，維護(hù)正常腸道菌群帶來很大的啟發(fā),。（生物谷bioon.com）
doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.017
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Gut Immune Maturation Depends on Colonization with a Host-Specific Microbiota
Hachung Chung, Sünje J. Pamp, Jonathan A. Hill, Neeraj K. Surana,et al
Gut microbial induction of host immune maturation exemplifies host-microbe mutualism. We colonized germ-free (GF) mice with mouse microbiota (MMb) or human microbiota (HMb) to determine whether small intestinal immune maturation depends on a coevolved host-specific microbiota. Gut bacterial numbers and phylum abundance were similar in MMb and HMb mice, but bacterial species differed, especially the Firmicutes. HMb mouse intestines had low levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, few proliferating T cells, few dendritic cells, and low antimicrobial peptide expression—all characteristics of GF mice. Rat microbiota also failed to fully expand intestinal T cell numbers in mice. Colonizing GF or HMb mice with mouse-segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) partially restored T cell numbers, suggesting that SFB and other MMb organisms are required for full immune maturation in mice. Importantly, MMb conferred better protection against Salmonella infection than HMb. A host-specific microbiota appears to be critical for a healthy immune system.
