一個國際團隊的最新研究結(jié)果顯示,，在針對流感等疾病的疫苗中添加一種名為聚乙烯亞胺的物質(zhì),，可增強疫苗效果，實驗鼠如果注射了這種疫苗后,，身體可有效對抗大劑量的流感病毒,。
疫苗起作用的原理是“訓(xùn)練”免疫系統(tǒng)抗擊入侵的病毒和細菌，有些添加劑能增強這種效果,，因此許多疫苗都含有被稱為“輔助劑”的藥品添加劑,。英國牛津大學(xué)等機構(gòu)的研究人員在新一期《自然—生物技術(shù)》（Nature Biotechnology）雜志上發(fā)表報告說，聚乙烯亞胺這種添加劑可增強多種疫苗的效果,，包括流感疫苗、皰疹疫苗和艾滋病疫苗等,。
實驗顯示,，老鼠只需注射一次含有這種添加劑的流感疫苗，接下來即使接觸通常情況下會致死的大劑量流感病毒,，體內(nèi)免疫系統(tǒng)仍能有效對抗,，效果好于沒有添加劑的疫苗，以及使用其他添加劑的疫苗,。
研究人員說,，接下來將在雪貂身上進行相關(guān)實驗，雪貂的呼吸系統(tǒng)與老鼠相比更接近人類,。
據(jù)介紹,，聚乙烯亞胺作為疫苗添加劑的另一個優(yōu)點是可以通過黏膜組織起作用，能夠加入那些采用鼻腔吸入方式的疫苗中,，使用這些疫苗無需打針,，只要深吸一口氣即可。由于流感等疾病的病毒也是通過呼吸系統(tǒng)黏膜入侵人體,，使用這樣的疫苗防治流感也許更有效,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
doi:10.1038/nbt.2344
PMC:
PMID:
Polyethyleneimine is a potent mucosal adjuvant for viral glycoprotein antigens
Frank Wegmann, Kate H Gartlan, Ali M Harandi, Sarah A Brinckmann, Margherita Coccia, William R Hillson, Wai Ling Kok, Suzanne Cole, Ling-Pei Ho, Teresa Lambe, Manoj Puthia, Catharina Svanborg, Erin M Scherer, George Krashias, Adam Williams, Joseph N Blattman, Philip D Greenberg, Richard A Flavell, Amin E Moghaddam, Neil C Sheppard & Quentin J Sattentau
Protection against mucosally transmitted infections probably requires immunity at the site of pathogen entry1, yet there are no mucosal adjuvant formulations licensed for human use. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) represents a family of organic polycations used as nucleic acid transfection reagents in vitro and DNA vaccine delivery vehicles in vivo2, 3. Here we show that diverse PEI forms have potent mucosal adjuvant activity for viral subunit glycoprotein antigens. A single intranasal administration of influenza hemagglutinin or herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D with PEI elicited robust antibody-mediated protection from an otherwise lethal infection, and was superior to existing experimental mucosal adjuvants. PEI formed nanoscale complexes with antigen, which were taken up by antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo, promoted dendritic cell trafficking to draining lymph nodes and induced non-proinflammatory cytokine responses. PEI adjuvanticity required release of host double-stranded DNA that triggered Irf3-dependent signaling. PEI therefore merits further investigation as a mucosal adjuvant for human use.
