一個西班牙研究小組的研究人員稱,,他們開發(fā)出了一種治療性疫苗,能夠暫時地抑制感染患者體內(nèi)的HIV生長。
這種疫苗是利用接觸熱滅活HIV的免疫細(xì)胞研制而成,研究人員針對36名HIV攜帶者進(jìn)行了測試,獲得了這類治療最好的記錄結(jié)果,。
研究小組成員、巴塞羅那大學(xué)醫(yī)院Felipe Garcia說:“我們所做的就是給予免疫系統(tǒng)指令,,使其學(xué)會自然情況下無法做到的事情——破壞HIV病毒,。”
研究人員說,這一治療性疫苗并非用來預(yù)防疾病,,而是用于治療已存在的艾滋病,。其非常安全,可使一些患者體內(nèi)檢測到的HIV病毒數(shù)量顯著降低,。相關(guān)研究發(fā)布在《科學(xué)—轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)》(Science Translational Medicine)雜志上,。
經(jīng)過12周的臨床試驗,在22名接種疫苗的患者中,,有12人HIV病毒載量降低了90%以上,。11名接受對照注射的患者中,只有1人獲得了相似的結(jié)果,。
24周后,,疫苗的效力開始下降,在剩余的20名疫苗接種患者中,,有7人病毒載量下降了90%,。對照組10名患者無一人病毒量下降。
疫苗在一年后喪失效力,,此時患者必須恢復(fù)他們常規(guī)的抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物組合治療,。
研究人員說這些結(jié)果與采用單一抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物阻斷HIV生長所獲得的結(jié)果相似。
“這是在科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中提供的最堅實的證明,,表明治療性疫苗是有可能的,,”研究人員在一份聲明中說。
這種疫苗使得患者可以暫時擺脫每日服用多種藥物,,堅持每日服藥對于患者存在困難,,且長期而言會造成毒副作用,,并需付出昂貴的經(jīng)濟代價,。
“這一調(diào)查研究為開展其他的研究,,最終達(dá)到功能性治愈的目的,無需抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒治療長期或終身控制HIV復(fù)制,,開辟了新途徑,,”研究人員說。
“雖然我們還沒有獲得功能性治愈,,今天發(fā)布的研究結(jié)果為獲得一種最佳的治療疫苗,,或是涵蓋治療疫苗的一種組合策略提供了可能性,并且可能有助于實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),,”他們說,。
研究小組表示他們投入了7年的時間才走到這一步,現(xiàn)在他們正在致力于改良這一疫苗,,爭取在未來的三四年間使之與其他的治療性疫苗相結(jié)合,。
根據(jù)聯(lián)合國最新的統(tǒng)計,全世界HIV感染者的數(shù)量從2010年的3350萬人上升到了2011年的3400萬人,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3004682
PMC:
PMID:
A Dendritic Cell–Based Vaccine Elicits T Cell Responses Associated with Control of HIV-1 Replication
Felipe García1,*,†, Nuria Climent1,*, Alberto C. Guardo1, Cristina Gil1, Agathe León1, Brigitte Autran2,Jeffrey D. Lifson3, Javier Martínez-Picado4,5, Judit Dalmau4, Bonaventura Clotet4, Josep M. Gatell1,Montserrat Plana1,*, Teresa Gallart1,*, For the DCV2/MANON07-ORVACS Study Group
Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) greatly improves survival and quality of life of HIV-1–infected patients; however, cART must be continued indefinitely to prevent viral rebound and associated disease progression. Inducing HIV-1–specific immune responses with a therapeutic immunization has been proposed to control viral replication after discontinuation of cART as an alternative to “cART for life.” We report safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity results associated with a control of viral replication for a therapeutic vaccine using autologous monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MD-DCs) pulsed with autologous heat-inactivated whole HIV. Patients on cART with CD4+ >450 cells/mm3 were randomized to receive three immunizations with MD-DCs or with nonpulsed MD-DCs. Vaccination was feasible, safe, and well tolerated and shifted the virus/host balance. At weeks 12 and 24 after cART interruption, a decrease of plasma viral load setpoint ≥1 log was observed in 12 of 22 (55%) versus 1 of 11 (9%) and in 7 of 20 (35%) versus 0 of 10 (0%) patients in the DC–HIV-1 and DC-control groups, respectively. This significant decrease in plasma viral load observed in immunized recipients was associated with a consistent increase in HIV-1–specific T cell responses. These data suggest that HIV-1–specific immune responses elicited by therapeutic DC vaccines could significantly change plasma viral load setpoint after cART interruption in chronic HIV-1–infected patients treated in early stages. This proof of concept supports further investigation of new candidates and/or new optimized strategies of vaccination with the final objective of obtaining a functional cure as an alternative to cART for life.