有關(guān)用于“人免疫缺陷病毒”(HIV)和“猿免疫缺陷病毒”(SIV)的潛在疫苗的研究工作迄今為止基本上都沒有什么成果,。這項(xiàng)研究取得了一些進(jìn)展,，因?yàn)樗昧俗罱囊豁?xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)：在感染后的前幾個(gè)小時(shí)到幾天時(shí)間里，這些病原體似乎對(duì)免疫控制或藥理清除是脆弱的,。用表達(dá)SIV病毒的恒河猴巨細(xì)胞病毒(RhCMV/SIV)載體接種的恒河猴,，在經(jīng)過陰道和靜脈途徑染毒后,，對(duì)高致病性SIVmac239病毒形成了耐久性抵抗力,。一些接種的動(dòng)物將病毒復(fù)制控制了1-3年時(shí)間,，沒有明顯證據(jù)表明有殘留病毒，這提出了一個(gè)可能性：由疫苗誘導(dǎo)的免疫反應(yīng)事實(shí)上可能已經(jīng)消除了最初的感染,。（生物谷Bioon.com）
生物谷推薦英文摘要
Nature doi:10.1038/nature12519
Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection
Scott G. Hansen, Michael Piatak Jr, Abigail B. Ventura, Colette M. Hughes, Roxanne M. Gilbride, Julia C. Ford, Kelli Oswald, Rebecca Shoemaker, Yuan Li, Matthew S. Lewis, Awbrey N. Gilliam, Guangwu Xu, Nathan Whizin, Benjamin J. Burwitz, Shannon L. Planer, John M. Turner, Alfred W. Legasse, Michael K. Axthelm, Jay A. Nelson, Klaus Früh, Jonah B. Sacha, Jacob D. Estes, Brandon F. Keele, Paul T. Edlefsen, Jeffrey D. Lifson & Louis J. Picker
Established infections with the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) are thought to be permanent with even the most effective immune responses and antiretroviral therapies only able to control, but not clear, these infections1, 2, 3, 4. Whether the residual virus that maintains these infections is vulnerable to clearance is a question of central importance to the future management of millions of HIV-infected individuals. We recently reported that approximately 50% of rhesus macaques (RM; Macaca mulatta) vaccinated with SIV protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV/SIV) vectors manifest durable, aviraemic control of infection with the highly pathogenic strain SIVmac239 (ref. 5). Here we show that regardless of the route of challenge, RhCMV/SIV vector-elicited immune responses control SIVmac239 after demonstrable lymphatic and haematogenous viral dissemination, and that replication-competent SIV persists in several sites for weeks to months. Over time, however, protected RM lost signs of SIV infection, showing a consistent lack of measurable plasma- or tissue-associated virus using ultrasensitive assays, and a loss of T-cell reactivity to SIV determinants not in the vaccine. Extensive ultrasensitive quantitative PCR and quantitative PCR with reverse transcription analyses of tissues from RhCMV/SIV vector-protected RM necropsied 69–172 weeks after challenge did not detect SIV RNA or DNA sequences above background levels, and replication-competent SIV was not detected in these RM by extensive co-culture analysis of tissues or by adoptive transfer of 60 million haematolymphoid cells to naive RM. These data provide compelling evidence for progressive clearance of a pathogenic lentiviral infection, and suggest that some lentiviral reservoirs may be susceptible to the continuous effector memory T-cell-mediated immune surveillance elicited and maintained by cytomegalovirus vectors.
