在篩選天然產(chǎn)物提取物的過(guò)程中,,研究者竟然驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)一類(lèi)可能在人類(lèi)抵御具有抗藥性的細(xì)菌方面有重要應(yīng)用的新型抗生素,。Jun Wang和Sheo B. Singh,以及來(lái)自Merck公司的其他同事發(fā)現(xiàn)了這類(lèi)抗生素,,并將之取名為platencin(參考譯名:平板素),。
合成平板素的菌株Streptomyces platensis,,是在西班牙的土壤樣本中分離得到的,。該化合物與抗生素平板霉素(Platensimycin) 有些相像(如圖所示),,但平板霉素是由另外一種發(fā)現(xiàn)于南非土壤的菌株S. platensis合成的,。在2006年,,Merck公司的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在篩選25萬(wàn)天然產(chǎn)物提取物過(guò)程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)了平板霉素(C&EN, May 22, 2006, page 7)。
兩種抗生素都在細(xì)菌的脂肪酸合成通路中起作用,。新發(fā)現(xiàn)的這個(gè)抗生素可以抑制這條通路的兩個(gè)重要的酶活性,,這比起平板霉素似乎更有優(yōu)勢(shì),因?yàn)槠桨迕顾刂皇轻槍?duì)一種酶起作用,。而且,,更為值得一提的是,Merck公司的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)平板素可以針對(duì)許多類(lèi)型的細(xì)菌起作用,,包括對(duì)藥物有抵抗作用的金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus),。在針對(duì)動(dòng)物的藥效研究中,研究者并沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)該抗生素會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何的毒害作用,。
華人科學(xué)家汪俊領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的默克 (MERCK) 科研小組在今年5月1號(hào)的《美國(guó)科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》(PNAS)發(fā)表了一篇論文,,公布了他們的又一項(xiàng)新的研究成果:平板素(platencin)的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其一箭雙雕的作用機(jī)理 。在去年5月18號(hào)汪俊的科研小組于英國(guó)《自然》雜志報(bào)導(dǎo)了全新抗菌素 (Platensimycin, 平板霉素) 的發(fā)現(xiàn)及其機(jī)理之后, 引起科學(xué)界以及社會(huì)各界極大關(guān)注,。新聞媒體及科學(xué)雜志廣泛的報(bào)導(dǎo)了這一令人興奮的好消息,。值得一提的是在幾千篇的報(bào)導(dǎo)中,除《科學(xué)美國(guó)人雜志》,,《自然藥物開(kāi)發(fā)綜述》及英國(guó)皇家化學(xué)會(huì)等有份量的報(bào)導(dǎo)外,,美國(guó)化學(xué)與工程新聞雜志以“本周新聞 (News of Week) ” 進(jìn)行了較為詳細(xì)的報(bào)導(dǎo)。 美國(guó)微生物學(xué)會(huì)(ASM)以“當(dāng)今話題 (Current Topics) 報(bào)導(dǎo)了這一跨世紀(jì)的研究成果,。高等光子學(xué)會(huì)(APS)選取平板霉素的論文為年度杰出論文,,并在2006年的年刊中作了深入的報(bào)導(dǎo)。著名的“細(xì)胞”雜志的科技作者也發(fā)表了題為“在自然的后院中尋找新的抗菌素”一文,,詳細(xì)地闡述了抗菌素的開(kāi)發(fā)難度及重大意義,。更令人興奮的是繼汪俊的成果之后,很多研究室都踴躍地加入了平板霉素的研究行列,。
細(xì)菌的抗藥性是個(gè)十分嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題,,所以發(fā)現(xiàn)新型抗菌素意義非常重大。半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)科學(xué)家雖然不懈努力但至今為止僅有兩個(gè)新型抗菌素被應(yīng)用于臨床,。汪俊的科研小組利用核糖核酸互補(bǔ)抑制 (antisense silencing)的全細(xì)胞篩選技術(shù)提高其選擇及敏感度(9,10), 繼去年的科研成果之后,,又從西班牙的土壤樣品中分離出一種菌株(Streptomyces Species),并從中發(fā)現(xiàn)和提取了平板素,。
平板素與平板霉素結(jié)構(gòu)及生化機(jī)理既相關(guān)又各有特色,。它的化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)含有一個(gè)酮基大環(huán),平板素通過(guò)同時(shí)抑制兩種脂肪酸合成酶 (FabF/FabH)來(lái)殺死細(xì)菌,。平板素對(duì)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性細(xì)菌具有廣譜活性的強(qiáng)力抗生素作用,它能夠殺死許多臨床上的超級(jí)抗藥性細(xì)菌,,象耐甲氧西林金黃色葡萄球,耐萬(wàn)古霉素的金黃色葡萄球和萬(wàn)古霉素抗藥性腸球菌,。從抗生素的角度來(lái)說(shuō),,抑制兩種酶 (一箭雙雕) 比抑制一種酶更不容易產(chǎn)生抗藥性,。從化學(xué)的角度來(lái)看,平板素與平板霉素的結(jié)構(gòu)及機(jī)能的共性與特性為修改化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)以產(chǎn)生新的抗菌素提供了更廣泛的研究基礎(chǔ),。
原始出處:
Published online before print April 24, 2007
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0700746104
Microbiology
Discovery of platencin, a dual FabF and FabH inhibitor with in vivo antibiotic properties
( platensimycin | natural product | thiolactomycin | antisense | fatty acid synthesis )
Jun Wang *, Srinivas Kodali *, Sang Ho Lee *, Andrew Galgoci *, Ronald Painter *, Karen Dorso *, Fred Racine *, Mary Motyl *, Lorraine Hernandez *, Elizabeth Tinney *, Steven L. Colletti *, Kithsiri Herath *, Richard Cummings *, Oscar Salazar , Ignacio González , Angela Basilio , Francisca Vicente , Olga Genilloud , Fernando Pelaez , Hiranthi Jayasuriya *, Katherine Young *, Doris F. Cully *, and Sheo B. Singh *
*Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065; and Centro de Investigación Básica, Merck Sharp & Dohme de España, S.A. Josefa Valcárcel 38, Madrid 28027, Spain
Edited by Arnold L. Demain, Drew University, Madison, NJ, and approved March 9, 2007 (received for review January 26, 2007)
Abstract
Emergence of bacterial resistance is a major issue for all classes of antibiotics; therefore, the identification of new classes is critically needed. Recently we reported the discovery of platensimycin by screening natural product extracts using a target-based whole-cell strategy with antisense silencing technology in concert with cell free biochemical validations. Continued screening efforts led to the discovery of platencin, a novel natural product that is chemically and biologically related but different from platensimycin. Platencin exhibits a broad-spectrum Gram-positive antibacterial activity through inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis. It does not exhibit cross-resistance to key antibiotic resistant strains tested, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Platencin shows potent in vivo efficacy without any observed toxicity. It targets two essential proteins, -ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein (ACP)] synthase II (FabF) and III (FabH) with IC50 values of 1.95 and 3.91 µg/ml, respectively, whereas platensimycin targets only FabF (IC50 = 0.13 µg/ml) in S. aureus, emphasizing the fact that more antibiotics with novel structures and new modes of action can be discovered by using this antisense differential sensitivity whole-cell screening paradigm.
Fig. 1. Structures of platencin (A) and platensimycin (B).
作者簡(jiǎn)介:
Jun Wang
Merck Research Laboratories
Senior Biochemist
Mailing Address:
Merck & Co., Inc.
P.O. Box 2000
R80W-250
Rhaway, New Jersey 07065
United States
Contact Information:[email protected]