人類體表和腸道是無數(shù)微生物的居所。據(jù)11月5日的《科學(xué)》雜志報道說,，最近對人的整個身體所進行的多元微生物群落的分析結(jié)果將最終揭示這些群落的變化將如何引起（或防止）疾病的發(fā)生,。
Elizabeth Costello及其同僚對多達27個身體部位的微生物進行了調(diào)查，其中包括腸道,、口腔,、耳朵、鼻子以及多達18個區(qū)域的皮膚表面,。這些調(diào)查的部位是在4個不同的場合取自一些健康的成人,。 他們的基于先前發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示，身體的部位對居留在那里的微生物群落的組成具有最大的影響,，其影響遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于時間的推移或個體之間的差異,。
研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些皮膚部位,，如食指或膝蓋的背側(cè)常常比腸道或口腔能容留更為多元的微生物,。 他們的數(shù)據(jù)所強調(diào)的事實是,，我們身體的個體化的微生物隨著時間的推移仍然保持著相對的穩(wěn)定,，而且它們展現(xiàn)了在我們身體各個位置生長的可預(yù)測的模式,。 在接下來的實驗中,，研究人員將身體某一部位的微生物群落移植到身體的另外一個部位,，或從某人身上移植到另外一個人身上,。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),，環(huán)境因素在油脂分泌多的皮膚部位比在皮膚干燥的部位對塑造微生物群落的影響力要更強,。 例如，前臂的微生物在前額上的生長就不甚好,，但前額的微生物在前臂上的生長則依然很好。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處：
Science November 5, 2009 DOI: 10.1126/science.1177486
Bacterial Community Variation in Human Body Habitats Across Space and Time
Elizabeth K. Costello 1, Christian L. Lauber 2, Micah Hamady 3, Noah Fierer 4, Jeffrey I. Gordon 5, Rob Knight 1*
1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
2 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
3 Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
4 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
5 Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
Elucidating the biogeography of bacterial communities on the human body is critical for establishing healthy baselines from which to detect differences associated with diseases. To obtain an integrated view of the spatial and temporal distribution of the human microbiota, we surveyed bacteria from up to 27 sites in 7 to 9 healthy adults on four occasions. We found that community composition was determined primarily by body habitat. Within habitats, interpersonal variability was high, while individuals exhibited minimal temporal variability. Several skin locations harbored more diverse communities than the gut and mouth, and skin locations differed in their community assembly patterns. These results indicate that our microbiota, although personalized, varies systematically across body habitats and time: Such trends may ultimately reveal how microbiome changes cause or prevent disease.
