Rev蛋白是HIV-1轉(zhuǎn)錄過程中不可缺少的調(diào)控蛋白,,抑制Rev蛋白功能而阻斷HIV-1病毒增殖被認為是一種全新的治療艾滋病戰(zhàn)略。Rev蛋白功能的實現(xiàn)有賴于其成功轉(zhuǎn)入細胞核內(nèi),,而這要經(jīng)由Rev蛋白的核定位信號(NLS)功能完成,。最近,加拿大研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),,牛免疫缺陷病毒(BIV,,是與人類艾滋病病毒相關(guān)的一種逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒)Rev蛋白具有二重核定位信號。這是科學家第一次在逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒中發(fā)現(xiàn)此種信號結(jié)構(gòu),,被認為是分子生物學的一重大發(fā)現(xiàn),。相關(guān)研究成果發(fā)表在最近的《病毒學雜志》上。
與其他病毒一樣,,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒無力進行自我復制,,它們必須依靠宿主細胞才能繁殖。而Rev蛋白在這種病毒傳播機制中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,。依靠由氨基酸構(gòu)成的核定位信號,,Rev蛋白能進入被逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒感染細胞的細胞核內(nèi),通過與細胞核中的病毒RNAs綁定,,使感染從早期階段過渡到晚期階段,。過去幾年對不同Rev蛋白的核定位信號研究表明,這些信號都是單分核定位信號,,即由一個連續(xù)的氨基酸序列構(gòu)成,。
而加拿大魁北克大學蒙特利爾分校生物科學系教授丹尼斯·阿爾尚博及博士生安德里亞·克雷多·戈麥斯研究發(fā)現(xiàn),牛免疫缺陷病毒Rev蛋白具有二重核定位信號,,它由兩個氨基酸序列構(gòu)成,,由一個附加氨基酸序列分割。這是科學家首次在逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒蛋白研究,,包括艾滋病病毒研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)此種信號結(jié)構(gòu),。
盡管其他類型的蛋白也會有二重核定位信號,但此次新發(fā)現(xiàn)的核定位信號卻不能與目前所知的任何蛋白的二重核定位信號相匹配,。通常,,一個二重核定位信號由兩個氨基酸序列構(gòu)成,,它們被一個或短(約10個氨基酸)或長(約30個氨基酸)的間隔序列分隔。而在牛免疫缺陷病毒Rev蛋白中,,間隔序列的長度(不長不短)和序列的氨基酸結(jié)構(gòu),,使其核定位信號顯得不合規(guī)則。
此外,,研究人員還確認了一種新型的核仁定位信號(NoLS),,該信號可使Rev蛋白能穿透到細胞核的核仁中去。這是該類型信號在細胞或病毒的蛋白質(zhì)中首次被發(fā)現(xiàn),。
丹尼斯·阿爾尚博教授指出,,這一Rev蛋白與目前所研究的其他同類型蛋白完全不同。雖然這一發(fā)現(xiàn)僅是最基礎(chǔ)的研究成果,,但它表明,,人類有機會對病毒,尤其是動物病毒有更多的了解,。有了此一特殊模型,,可使人們就蛋白定位和它對宿主細胞,甚至是整個機體的影響之間的關(guān)系進行更進一步的研究,。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推薦原始出處:
Journal of Virology, December 2009 doi:10.1128/JVI.01613-09
The Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Rev Protein: Identification of a Novel Lentiviral Bipartite Nuclear Localization Signal Harboring an Atypical Spacer Sequence
Andrea Gomez Corredor and Denis Archambault*
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Québec at Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3P8
The bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) Rev protein (186 amino acids [aa] in length) is involved in the nuclear exportation of partially spliced and unspliced viral RNAs. Previous studies have shown that BIV Rev localizes in the nucleus and nucleolus of infected cells. Here we report the characterization of the nuclear/nucleolar localization signals (NLS/NoLS) of this protein. Through transfection of a series of deletion mutants of BIV Rev fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein and fluorescence microscopy analyses, we were able to map the NLS region between aa 71 and 110 of the protein. Remarkably, by conducting alanine substitution of basic residues within the aa 71 to 110 sequence, we demonstrated that the BIV Rev NLS is bipartite, maps to aa 71 to 74 and 95 to 101, and is predominantly composed of arginine residues. This is the first report of a bipartite Rev (or Rev-like) NLS in a lentivirus/retrovirus. Moreover, this NLS is atypical, as the length of the sequence between the motifs composing the bipartite NLS, e.g., the spacer sequence, is 20 aa. Further mutagenesis experiments also identified the NoLS region of BIV Rev. It localizes mainly within the NLS spacer sequence. In addition, the BIV Rev NoLS sequence differs from the consensus sequence reported for other viral and cellular nucleolar proteins. In summary, we conclude that the nucleolar and nuclear localizations of BIV Rev are mediated via novel NLS and NoLS motifs.